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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.

The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.

Relationship to hardware


Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler.

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Algor, Inc. - Finite element analysis and mechanical event simulation software for virtual prototyping.
Meta Description: [ center for mechanical design technology finite element analysis simulation and optimization methods. ALGOR finite element analysis software FEA for mechanical engineers to perform simulations, static and transient structural stress with linear and nonlinear material models, linear dynamic, steady... ]

ArgeCare - Provide software for railway vehicle dynamics and calculations on rail guided vehicles. Also a distributor for ADAMS/Rail and Medyna.
Meta Description: [ ADAMS/Rail,MEDYNA and SIMPACK are MBS-Programms, calculating the behaviour of a vehicle with wheels running on rails ]

BELTSTAT - Software to design belt conveyors of any length, topography and drive configuration. It calculates: belt tensions, demand power, vertical curve requirements, turnover stress, and starting/stopping analysis. Site has detailed programme informations, ordering and pricing information. Download possible.

CerebroMix - Pressure Vessels and Mixing Software for mixing systems, pressure vessels and atmospheric tanks including supporting, flanges, nozzles, jackets. Compliant ASME VIII div 1.

CoCreate - Collaborative Product Design Solutions - Develops 3D CAD and collaboration software for manufacturers and their project teams aiding communication across extended development teams.
Meta Description: [ Worldwide provider of collaborative PLM and CAD software for engineering product design, project management, CAD, product development, PLM, mechanical engineering, and document and workflow management. ]

Code CAD, Inc. - Provide PC software, support and training in the areas of pipe stress analysis, finite element analysis, pressure vessel design, heat exchanger design, tank design, and CAD-based plant design.

Codeware Inc. - Develops software for design, rating, drafting and costing of ASME Section VIII pressure vessels and heat exchangers.
Meta Description: [ Professional software solutions for the design and analysis of ASME Section VIII pressure vessels and heat exchangers. ]

Computer Engineering , Inc. - Designs software for pressure vessel design and analysis (ASME)and welding procedures and management. Site has detailed program descriptions, Information on support and training and some useful utilities to download.
Meta Description: [ Computer Engineering, Inc.'s Welding and Mechanical Engineering software is intended to comply with ASME Section VIII, ASME Section IX, and AWS D1.1. Computer Engineerings software helps professional engineers design pressure vessels, welding engineers manage welders, and quality control man... ]

Concurrent Dynamics International - Develop multibody dynamics simulation programs for aerospace, automotive, robotics, and biomechanics research and engineering.
Meta Description: [ Concurrent Dynamics specializes in multibody dynamics simulation tools for the aerospace, automotive, and biomechanics industries. Our tools support prototype mechanism design, control system analysis, concept verification, and failure mode evaluation. ]

Delta-T4 - Belt Conveyor Design Program for conveyor design and optimisation. It is capable of designing large conveyors, including Stacking and Reclaiming Systems and Overland conveyors. Allows the designer to investigate all the possible load cases and to optimise the design including sizing of drives and braking systems.

DevPipe - Pipe templates for pipe intersections.

Dirlik Controls Limited - Offer customised test control, data acquisition and analysis packages for materials testing and component evaluation.
Meta Description: [ Dirlik Controls offers test control, data acquisition and analysis software packages for materials testing, component evaluation and simulation, aerospace testing, noise and vibration, fracture Mechanics, the Dirlik Formula. ]

Dontyne Systems - Offers gear design software for spur and helical gears which include ISO 6336 gear rating and optimisation. Program description and demo downloads are available.
Meta Description: [ Gear design software for the, analysis and optimisation of spur and helical gears. ]

Emu - Peridynamic modeling of fracture - The Emu code models fracture and failure of materials and structures. It is based on the Peridynamic theory of solid mechanics. Emu is a three-dimensional meshfree Lagrangian code. Description of a programme still being developed at Sandia Laboratories.
Meta Description: [ EMU Website ]

Engineering calculators and resources. - A collection of online calculators and resources e.g. Units conversion, voltage drop, pipe friction loss calculation and data tables.
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Engineering Software (EngWare) - Windows based applications dealing with energy conversion systems (power and propulsion).

EngineerOnLine - Software for sizing, estimating and quoting carbon and stainless steel tanks.
Meta Description: [ Large, hollow, stainless steel spheres, tanks and unique tank estimating software ]

500 EngineersToolbox - A freely-available collection of advanced online computational and reference modules for professional and student engineers. [Registration required]
Meta Description: [ EngineersToolbox - The advanced online resource for engineering calculations and reference. ETB gives the engineering community convenient worldwide access to engineering data, solutions, and methodologies for design and analysis. ]

Engineous Software - Makes design exploration and optimization software. Automates use of existing computer simulation and design programs.
Meta Description: [ iSIGHT - engineering design improvement software from Engineous Software offering award winning integration, optimization, automation and endless design alternatives reduces production costs and time-to-market while maximizing enterprise-wide resources. ]

Estimation Building Services Software - Tailored computer solutions for building services contractors.
Meta Description: [ Estimation has been developing software tools for building services contractors since 1973, remaining at the forefront of the market for over 30 years and continually pioneering the innovative application of new technologies. Our products are divided into three families; Enterprise, Extreme and E... ]

ETank2000 - Software for Aboveground Storage Tanks (API-650, API-620, API-653, UL-142, ANSI B96.1)
Meta Description: [ The Official ETank 2000 website, by E-Ware Inc. ETank offers the practicing engineer the simplest and most powerful CAE software to rapidly design or rerate existing welded carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum storage tanks. Compare our features to the competition and you will agree. ET... ]

Flexible Engineering Solutions - A provider of training and consulting services for digital imaging, including the creation and support of mechanical and thermal computer simulation tools and customized engineering training.

Free Mechanical Engineering Software - Lists vendor web-sites offering free (often demonstration version) CAD, finite element analysis, thermal, and general utility applications.

Gears simulator - Use Gears simulator to design and simulate mechanical systems including gears, chain and belt drives and other components. The site includes the online help and a FAQ. A 30 days trial demo can be downloaded.

Greborio Software Engineering s.a.s. - Maker of the software Screws@2000 that contains standards relevant for screws, including exportable graphics. Site has listings of the standards covered.

Hexagon - Mechanical engineering software including tolerance analysis, gear design, shaft design and spring calculation.
Meta Description: [ Mechanical Engineering Software, Maschinenbausoftware, Software zur Berechnung von Maschinenelementen, Logiciel de machines outil, Zahnradberechnung, Federberechnung, Wellenberechnung, Schraubenberechnung, Toleranzrechnung, Tolerance Analysis, Gear Design, Shaft Design, Spring Calculation, Bolt... ]

Kalney Profiling - Rotor profile and complete screw compressor design. Design software that integrates with AutoCAD. Short programme description with screen shots, download area and contact information.
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KISSsoft AG - A calculation software for design and optimising of rotating machinery parts such as shafts and gears.The site contains a detailed program description in PDF and HTML formats and a demo version for downloading. It also include dates of trade fairs and seminars, price lists and articles about mechanical design using the program.
Meta Description: [ Berechnungsprogramme für den Maschinenbau. Zahnräder, Wellen, Maschinenelemente, Lager, Auslegungen und Nachrechnen ]

MasterSpring - Software to calculate, check and design springs.
Meta Description: [ Questo programma serve a progettare, verificare, calcolare molle; permette sia il calcolo di progetto, e quindi la progettazione di una molla, che il calcolo di verifica , e quindi la si pu verificare. Calcola, progetta, verifica molle. MasterSpring, il software per calcolare le molle ]

Mechanical Simulation Corporation - Offer CarSim and TruckSim software packages that analyze the way cars, light trucks, utility vehicles, heavy trucks, buses and articulated vehicles respond to driver controls on 3D road surfaces. CarSim also offers Real-Time and Hardware-in-the-Loop.
Meta Description: [ Computer simulation of vehicle dynamics for ride, handling, braking, and acceleration of cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorsports with Windows OS and real-time systems. ]

Mechanical Springs Design Expert System - DOS programme for design/analyses of different types of mechanical spring made of wire or strips. Short programme description with ordering information.
Meta Description: [ The Ultimate Spring Designer ]

Mechanics of Composite Materials - Educational software. Download only.

MetaliCal Inc. - Software for calculating weight and cost of different metal profiles. Description of software, online conversion tables and trial downloads.
Meta Description: [ Metal Weight & Cost Calculators for Steel & Metal Industry. Available, Handheld, PC, Palm & Pocket PC Edition ]

Micro Techno - Suppliers of engineering software for plant design including design of pressure vessels and heat exchangers.

Mikromak - Provides motion analysis hardware and software.

MineConveyor.com - Downloadable calculators. Includes line and circle problems such as a circle tangent to two circles.
Meta Description: [ Reasonably priced software for belt conveyor design and prediction of bin or stockpile live storage volume. ]

MITCalc - A mechanical and technical calculation package. It includes solutions for gearings, belt, chain, springs, beams, shafts, and many others. MITCalc support 2D and 3D CAD systems and many international standards. Description of software and downloads.
Meta Description: [ Multi-language mechanical and technical calculation package includes solutions for gear, belt and chain drives, bearings, springs, beam, shaft, bolt connection, shaft connection, tolerances and many others. The calculations are compatible with many types of 2D and 3D CAD systems (AutoCAD, AutoCAD... ]

NogSoft - Offers free software for the calculation of the static pressure on rails, acceleration time and weight estimation.

OptiVessel 2000 Evaluation Edition - Design and rating of pressure vessels and heat exchangers. ASME VIII, BS 5500 and TEMA standards supported.

Penkiln Software - Windows software for use with laser interferometer systems to enable data analysis and establish the accuracy of a machine.
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Pipe Network Analysis Software for Liquids, Slurries and Gasses - Used for borefields, landfill gas extraction, and water supply design.
Meta Description: [ Conveyor Design, Pipe Network Analysis, Engineering Software, Investment Analysis, Share Portfolio Manager, Fluid Flow Software, Pipe Flow Network Analysis, Liquids, Slurries, Gases, Friction Loss, Pipes, Conveyors, Belts, Chutes, DEM, Transfer Chute, Chute Design, Particle Flow, Pumps, Seismog... ]

Pipe Stress Analysis - Piping stress analysis software and technical information. SIMFLEX series of pipe stress computer program.
Meta Description: [ Pipe stress analysis and piping flexibility engineering software. Peng Engineering develops piping flexibility and pipe stress analysis software packages. Consulting services in piping stress analysis ]

PipingSolutions, Inc - Develops, markets and supports engineering software for the design of piping, tanks, nozzles and emergency relief systems. Description of software and services.

Pressure Vessel Design Excel Spreadsheets - Spreadsheets to design pressure vessels to ASME code VIII-div 1.

PRO-BELT - Computer Software for design of belt conveyors, belt feeders and pulley shafts for bulk materials handling systems.
Meta Description: [ pro-belt.com - Computer Software for Belt Conveyor, Belt Feeder and Pulley Shaft Design. Free demo for engineers, mining, coal, aggregate, gravel, cememt and bulk materials handling designers. According to CEMA Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association. ]

Quick Spring Designer - Provides software to assist in the design of the five most common spring types and analyze designs for all eight types of springs. Includes examples and order form.
Meta Description: [ Prodmor Systems Inc. is a well established company located in Oakville, Ontario, Canada providing website design and development for small businesses, organizations and individuals at low cost. ]

QuikGear - Offers involute gear calculations software, spline and spline gage calculations software covering six major spline standards. Site includes software, gear definitions and formula. Freeware and commercial version.
Meta Description: [ Involute gear and spline software and information, Quick Gear is a tool for calculating internal and external spur and helical gear dimensions. Quick Spline is a powerful program for calculating involute spline and gage dimensions. ]

Software Engineering Service - Provides several gear design programs.
Meta Description: [ Gear software for spur and helical gears. Change gear finding software, software for gear hobbing, gear grinding, gear inspection, gear geometry including involute modification and active-mesh graphics. Form genera ting software for involute and non-involute profiles. N-C software ]

Spectrum5 - Offers automatic tubing design software, in particularly for engine simulation and stainless steel fabrication. Description of programme with contact information.

TechEng Designs - General engineering software e.g. for tank and stack design.
Meta Description: [ Engineering software which will automate your calculations for: tank heat loss and insulation, tank capacity, stack gas emissions, tank surface area and insulation, orifice diameters, liquid flow, engineering units, enviromental conversions and Volunteer software. ]

The Laminator - Windows engineering program written that analyzes laminated composite plates according to classical laminated plate theory.
Meta Description: [ Classical Analysis of Composite Laminates. ]

Ve-design - Offering networked services to companies involved in product design and development. Provides tools that reduce design time and shortens time to market.
Meta Description: [ A software technology tool suite for optimizing product design decisions. Serves numerous functional business elements including design, engineering, procurement, and manufacturing. ]

Web Gear Services - Excel based gear design software with DXF file creation, consulting and training services. Site contains a programme description, ordering information and a forum.
Meta Description: [ Web Gear Services - Gear Design Software using Excel - Views of your meshes, easy to use, spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, internal gears,face gears, dxf file outputs, gear consulting. ]

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