The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. This exothermic reaction of a fuel with an oxidizer creates gases of high temperature and pressure, which are permitted to expand. The defining feature of an internal combustion engine is that useful work is performed by the expanding hot gases acting directly to cause movement, for example by acting on pistons, rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the entire engine itself.
This contrasts with external combustion engines such as steam engines which use the combustion process to heat a separate working fluid, typically water or steam, which then in turn does work, for example by pressing on a steam actuated piston.
The term Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is almost always used to refer specifically to reciprocating engines, Wankel engines and similar designs in which combustion is intermittent. However, continuous combustion engines, such as Jet engines, most rockets and many gas turbines are also very definitely internal combustion engines.
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ASME: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Division - Encourages research, development and data exchange among its members. Includes events, publications, codes and standards, and contact information.
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Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine - Explains the strokes of internal combustion engines using animations from the Glenn Research Center.
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Internal Combustion Engine Simulator - Visual applet simulating a four stroke Otto engine, with user changeable parameters. Shows the Carnot cycle and thermodynamic measures.
Kruse Limited Temperature Cycle - Describes an innovative thermodynamic engine cycle which limits peak combustion temperature in direct injection petrol, gasoline and diesel engines. Includes engine cycle overview and description, references, diagrams and patents.
Meta Description: [ A new thermodynamic internal combustion engine cycle for emission reduction and improved efficiency for direct injection petrol, gasoline and diesel engines. ]
Wikipedia: Carnot Heat Engine - Free encyclopedia article explaining the Carnot cycle, with emphasis on engines.
Wikipedia: Internal Combustion Engine - Free encyclopedia article covers internal combustion engine technology and applications. Addresses operation modes, thermodynamic cycle and efficiency, fuel types, support systems and parts.
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