In general, a reference is something that refers to or designates something else, or acts as a connection or a link between two things. The objects it links may be concrete, such as books or locations, or abstract, such as data, thoughts, or memories. The object which is named by a reference, or to which the reference points, is the referent.
The term reference is used with different specialized meanings in a variety of fields, as follows:
More on [ Reference ]
Buses :: Hardware
Resources :: Components
Homebrew :: Amateur
Reference :: Science
Electrical Engineering :: Technology
CAD :: Electronics
Design :: Electronics
Tutorials :: Electronics

The RF CAFE - An extensive collection of links to various application notes for different RF Vendors. A large number of links to , RF equations, technical data sheets, math notes, design ideas and useful RF design information.
Meta Description: [ RF Cafe ( formerly RF Café ) is a vast and dynamic resource for RF, microwave, and wireless references, equations, definitions, application and test notes, job opportunities, component vendor links, software, daily headlines, historical events, original technical factoids, industry events, books... ]
1937 Frank C. Jones Radio Handbook - Excerpts from Radio Telephony for AmateursVacuum Tubes in Wireless CommunicationRadio Handbook and ARRL How to Become a Radio Amateur
40W No Tune FM Broadcast - Power Amplifier Design.
Meta Description: [ 40W No Tune FM Broadcast Power Amplifier Design ]
Agilent Semiconductor Products - A source for semiconductor information, including basics, applications, technical data sheets. Registration required for full use.
Meta Description: [ As of December 1, 2005, Avago Technologies is a new company comprised of the former Agilent Technologies Semiconductor Products Group and is no longer related to Agilent Technologies. ]
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Allied Electronics Data Book - A near complete reproduction of the famous Allied Book.
Amidon Associates Product Catalog - Electrical and Physical Specifications of Amidon Powdered Iron and Ferrite components. A nice section on how to wind transformers.
Meta Description: [ Discussion of Ferromagnetics properties and materials ]
Analog Panel Meter - These guys still make and sale analog panel meters including triple phase, four wire wattmeter, varmeter, and dc ammeter shunt and ac ammeter.
Meta Description: [ Her Rong Supplies panel meter,ammeter, shunt, transformer,voltmeter, meter movements,all the meters carry the CE mark. ]
Antenna Scatterers Analysis Program - Free general purpose thin-wire antenna analysis software program for antenna design, modeling, and/or analysis.
Meta Description: [ Ray Cross Homepage, Antenna Analysis, Northbrook Baptist Church ]
Applied Radio Labs - A lot of information, technical articles and files on phase lock loops (PLL).
Articles from Antennae X - Articles outside the subscription barrier, mostly about RF and Antennaes
Avtech Applications Information - Pulse generators, laser diode drivers, function generators, amplifiers. Some advice on building and using very fast pulses.
Butterworth Low-Pass Filter - Design of a 5th order Butterworth LP filter using Sallen-Key circuit design.
Chip Directory - Presents a list of manufacturers.
Conformity Magazine - Electrical engineering trade magazine with information on EMC design, a series of articles on Maxwells Equations, and an archive of past articles.
Meta Description: [ Conformity Magazine is the engineer's guide to worldwide regulatory compliance. ]
Design Flow Chart - Step-by-Step design process from start to finish.
Meta Description: [ tutorial, step by step design process, design flow chart ]
Design Notes - Design engineering information and resource site for engineers, students and hobbyists.
Design, Analysis and Circuit Theory - Basic DC analysis, analogue coupling circuits, antenna theory, boolean algebra, BJT configurations, basic DC theory BJT bias, basic AC theory, BJT bias analysis. An extensive array of information.
Meta Description: [ Circuit Analysis,Design & Theory ]
DigitalFilter.com - Several java applets for designing and analysing digital and analogue filters.
Don Lancaster LAIR - His Tech Musings, Guru's Lair, tutorials, Resource Bin, Blatant Opportunist and Lancaster's ezine columns
Meta Description: [ Welcome to Don Lancaster's Guru's Lair ]
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Educator's Corner - For any educator or student interested in engineering. Developed by HP and Agilent Technology.
Meta Description: [ For any educator or student interested in engineering. ]
Educators Corner - Electronics reference site for Engineering Educators
Meta Description: [ Presentations, pre-written lab experiments, free computer-based training tutorials, and application notes in all areas of Test and Measurement. ]
Electro Tech - Electronics, electronic circuits, electronic plans, electronic diagrams, and electronics forums.
Meta Description: [ Electronic circuits projects and diagrams ]
Electronics 2000 - Information for electronics hobbyists and engineers, including technical data, software downloads, online interactive calculators, a beginners guide and links. (Banner Adsand pop-ups)
Meta Description: [ Electronics 2000, for electronics hobbyists, engineers and students. Online calculators, software downloads, technical data, beginners guide, pinouts, forum, links and more ]
Electronics Manufacturers - A tremendously long link list of Electronics companies, semiconductors, chips, discretes, passives and actice componenets are listed.
Engresource Electronic Design Engineer Reference - Web resource for electronic engineers, technicians, and hobbyist. Help and information on parts and circuits.
Meta Description: [ EngResource provides software and hardware
development, integration, and testing services for small
to mid-sized projects. We also provide an extensive engineering reference site ]
From the Chip Directory - Manufacturers of miscellaneous electronics related components.
GE Power Management - The art and Science of protective relaying. A complete on line text book.
High Frequency Electronics - A very good on line and paper journal devoted to the subject of RF through Microwave technology.
High Voltage - Gas breakdown, Paschen's law, liquid breakdown, transformer oil breakdown, water breakdown and solid dielectric properties; charts, values, calculations and formulas.
Home Electrical Projects Made Easy - A how-to web site on home electrical wiring projects.
Meta Description: [ Expert advice for DIY Home Wiring and Electrical Installation Projects ]
Horowitz Group - This is the home page of the Horowitz and Hill The Art of Electronics people.
IEEE 1284 Introduction - This page serves as an executive summary of the 1284 standard. The PC parallel port standard, extensive and complete.
Meta Description: [ This page serves as an executive summary of the 1284 standard. By clicking on the various highlighted points, you may explore each concept in greater detail. ]
Input/Data Acquisition System Design for Human Computer Interfacing - A very good tutorial on the theory and design of various types of sensors for Man-Machine interface.
Meta Description: [ Input/Data Acquisition System Design for Human Computer Interfacing ]
Intel MCS51 Microcontrollers - Intel's 8-bit CHMOS 8051 development site. Loads of information.
Meta Description: [ Intel's 8-bit CHMOS is optimized for control-oriented applications that require lower power, higher integration and higher performance. ]
Introduction to Thermoelectrics - Explore some of the basic concepts behind thermoelectric technology. Includes FAQ, history, design calculations and system assembly.
Meta Description: [ Tellurex is world's leading manufacturer of high performance thermoelectric modules for solid-state cooling and electric power generation. The patented Z-Max© thermoelectric module fromTellurex has established a new benchmark in thermoelectric performance, durability, and reliability. ]
Jaycar Electronics Downloads - Data and information pages
Learn Electronics Tutorials and Information Pages - Electronics help, electronics lessons, an electronics glossary, acronym index and resources for electronics students, technicians, and enthusiasts.
Meta Description: [ Learn Electronics help for students
technicians, and enthusiasts. ]
Lessons In Electric Circuits - A six-volume set of free downloadable books covering many aspects of electricity and electronics. Suitable for 2-year college use.
Meta Description: [ A free series of textbooks on the subjects of electricity and electronics. By Tony R. Kuphaldt. ]
Magnet web - Directory of magnet suppliers, design of permanent magnets, technical documents related to magnetic fields.
Meta Description: [ your link to the world of permanent magnet design ]
MAGNETICS Digital Library - Technical assistance to solve almost any magnetic material challenge.
Meta Description: [ The MAGNETICS Digital Library can provide technical assistance to solve almost any magnetic material challenge. ]
Manufacturers of Support Components - A long list of manufacturers of various types of electronics components. Manufacturers will sell in small quantities to experimenters. The list is compiled by Maxim.
Meta Description: [ List of recommended manufactureres of support components. ]
Marc's Technical Pages - Features electronic ideas, circuits, and hints including radio, antennae, and articles.
Meta Description: [ Marc's Technical Pages featuring electronic circuits, ideas, and hints on audio, radio, telemetry, antennas, process control, IT, power, HV, test and measurement, some interesting articles, and more... ]
Material Properties - a useful table for calculations about electrical properties of various materials.
Microwaves and RF Magazine - Articles and technical information about higher frequency RF.
Mil Spec Documents and Drawings. - Index of all (or nearly all) DSCC Mil Specs and Drawings.
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Monitor data for PC and MAC - Links to various manufacturers, data sheets and pinouts of Monitors that work on PC's and MAC's.
Parallel Port Standard Information - A detailed technical introduction to the parallel port.
Meta Description: [ This page is an entry point for information regarding the IEEE 1284 Parallel Port Standard. Here you will find a detailed technical introduction to the standard, review a growing list of products that support the new protocols and learn more about the ongoing standards activities of the IEEE 1284... ]
PCB Systems - Technical publications articles about laypout and analysis of the physical, practical side of RF PCB design.
Meta Description: [ PCB Systems Technical Publications ]
PlanetEE Portal - Ideas for design, education, careers, events, Bob Pease, discussion forums, products, literature. One of the most comprehensive EE sites on the web. Registration requred, but well worth it, if you want to learn electronics.
Meta Description: [ PlanetEE is dedicated to serving the global electronics industry
as the comprehensive technical resource, design, solution, and commerce center for the worldwide community of
electronic design engineers and engineering management. ]
Prototyping Circuits - All sorts of information about prototyping electronics circuits, hints kinks and tutorial are included.
Publications - Some publications from Avtech, subjects range from VCR monostables to HV stepped recovery diodes.
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RADAR Handbook - Equations, data, EW stuff, theory and information. An extensive source of all types of information.
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Radar problems and tutorials - This site contains an ebook providing real world radar problems with hints and solutions.
RadioRegs.com - Information regarding European radio and telecommunications equipment regulations, including what designers need to know when designing radio equipment
Meta Description: [ RTTE / R&TTE EC Directive - European regulations for bluetooth, gsm, modems, etc. CE mark / marking, certification, approval, qualification ]
RF Avenue Wireless Resources Directory - A collection of RF and microwave resources for wireless communication engineers. Includes tutorials, theory, design aids, circuit diagrams and products.
Meta Description: [ Directory of RF & microwave resources for designers of digital wireless communication systems. Includes tutorials, theory, circuit design, products, software, and more. ]
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Rohde and Schwarz News Magazine - Information about new products and technologies in the fields of mobile radio, broadcasting and test and measurements.
Scotts Guide to Electronics - An elementary guide to Electronics, a very good introduction to the subject.
Meta Description: [ An extensive guide to electronics. Covers both basic/introductory and more advanced material. Suitable for use in schools, universities, and colleges as well as for personal use. Based on clear physical explanations with a minimum of maths. ]
Sensor Magazine - Design tips, product news, technical articles on all types of electronic sensors.
Sensors - Designers and manufacturers. Some very interesting sites here.
Sockets and Connectors - Manufacturers of connectors, sockets and emulation adapters.
Spread Spectrum Magazine - Technical reference section. Mostly RF technical articles.
Surplus sites - A very large link list of surplus electronics sites very extensive.
Technical Library - Information for the electronics experimenter from Wenzel Associates.
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Technical Links - For amateur radio and project builders.
Technology Interface Home Page - A technology educational journal.
TechOnLine.com - An online electronics university. Take short and informative online courses in Electronics. Short and practical courses.
Meta Description: [ TechOnline delivers e-learning solutions and resources to the electronics engineering community, including: on-line training courses, live and on-demand webinars, product VirtuaLabs, a technical white paper library, design articles, reference designs, electronics company directory and more. Conte... ]
Telephone interfacing circuits - All about telephones, circuits, theory, tips and tricks for interfacing.
Meta Description: [ Telephone line interfacing described. ]
The Hard Ware Book - The original Hard Ware Book project, cables and connector descriptions and sample circuits.
Meta Description: [ HwB provides you with circuits, pinouts, cable/adapter descriptions and other technical information. ]
USB 2.0 Documentation - The original and all subsequent specifications including errata sheets and class documents.
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