Materials are physical substances used as inputs to production or manufacturing. Raw materials are first extracted or harvested from the earth and divided into a form that can be easily transported and stored, then processed to produce "semi-finished materials". These can be input into a new cycle of production and "finishing processes to create "finished materials", ready for distribution and consumption.
An example of a raw material is cotton, which can be processed into thread, and then processed into cloth, a semi-finished material. Sewing and cutting the fabric turns it into a garment, which is a finished material. Steelmaking is another example—raw materials are extracted, refined and processed into steel, a semi-finished material. Steel is then used as an input in many other industries to make finished products.
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300 Below, Inc. - Cryogenic treatment (deep tempering) for motor sports, firearms, softball bats, golf clubs, and musical instruments. In Decatur, IL.
Meta Description: [ 300 Below performs cryogenic treatment, also known as cryogenic processing or deep cryogenic tempering. ]
Advisor In Metals - Home of William Bill Bryson, metallurgist who specializes in the theory and practice of cryogenic and heat treatment of materials. Author of a technical book on each subject. Also provides cryogenic processing services and sales of cryogenic and heat treatment equipment. In Union, New Hampshire.
Alpine Cryogenics, Inc. - Cryogenic processing of materials, including tools, auto parts, and rifle barrels. One page has a useful research article with photographs. In Moscow, PA.
American Cryogenics, Inc. - Microprocessor controlled deep cryoheat treatment of tool and high speed steels. Custom cryoprocessor design and fabrication. In Waukesha, WI
Meta Description: [ Domain name renewal and affordable web hosting packages from Network Solutions ]
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Basics of Cryonics Metallurgy - Good basic article on how cryogenic processing works. Author unknown. Date, circa 1998.
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Carboteh Engineering: Cryo Cool - Cryogenic tempering of brake rotors for automotive road racing and manufacturer of racing brake pads. In Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
Cold Fire - Custom-built cryogenic systems and treatment of items to increase strength and durability. In Largo, FL.
Controlled Thermal Processing Cryogenics - Cryogenic processing for racing and many industrial applications, including tools and firearms. In Chicago and Rockford, IL, Charlotte, NC, and Waltharn, MA.
Cryo-Temper (Durable Metal Products Company) - DMP manufactures industrial cryogenic tempering systems for both high-temperature and low-temperature use.
Meta Description: [ dmp ]
Cryoforce, L.C. - A manufacturer and distributor of cryogenic processing equipment, which licenses its techniques to companies in several states. In Lenexa, KS.
Meta Description: [ Cryogenic processing (freezing to 300 below) and selective heat temporing is a business opportunity, especially for manufacturers. ]
Cryogenic Engineering - Specializes in deep cryogenic tempering, extending the useful life of tools, metal parts, plastics and other materials. In Cedar Rapids, IA.
Meta Description: [ cryogenic processing treatment service ]
Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. - Provider of Nitrofreeze Cryogenic Treatment services for metal treatment as well as cryogenic deflashing and deburring for industrial, commercial and recreational applications. Site includes Application Notes and Technical Articles on cryogenics. Located in Worcester, MA
Meta Description: [ Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. offers a full range of cryogenic treatment and cryogenic processing, including cryogenic tempering of metal parts, cryogenic deflashing to remove parting line flash on molded parts, and cryogenic deburring to remove burrs on machined parts. We also offer t... ]
Cryogenics International Cryogenic Systems and Processing - Cryogenics International manufactures deep cryogenic treatment systems and provides cryogenic processing for automotive racing engines, tools, musical instruments, etc. In Scottsdale, AZ
Meta Description: [ Cryogenics and deep cryogenic processing systems and treatment tempering by Cryogenics International will improve tools, carbide, inserts, engines, knives, guns, and castings plus much more., Cryogenics and deep cryogenic processing systems and treatment tempering by Cryogenics International will... ]
Cryogenics of Indiana - Thermo tempering of metals for maximum performance, durability, and life. In Zionsville, IN.
Meta Description: [ Cryo of Indiana is committed to providing high quality equipment treated cryogenically for max performance, durability, and life ]
CryoPlus Inc. - Cryogenic treatment of all metal tooling, stamping dies, gun barrels, engine components, brass instruments. To make them more wear resistant. In Wooster, Ohio.
Meta Description: [ CryoPlus performs cryogenic treatment, also known as cryogenic processing, cryo-processing, or deep cryogenic tempering. ]
Cryopro Temper-Master - Temper-Master cryogenic processor manufacturing and tempering. Improves durability and performance of tools, musical instruments, and gun barrels. In Springfield, MO.
Meta Description: [ Cryopro Cryogenic Tempering, Springfield Mo. Check here first and last for all of your cryogenic tempering needs. ]
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Cryotron (Canada) Ltd. - Cryogenic processing of equipment. Has a nicely detailed overview of the company's Vari-Cold cryogenic process and equipment. In Spruce Grove, Alberta, Canada.
Diversified Cryogenics - Cryogenic Processing improves the life of your guns, engines, instruments, and tools. Located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
Meta Description: [ Cryogenic Processing improves the life of your guns, engines, instruments, tools and much more! ]
Dynatherm Alloys -- Deep Cryogenics - Cryogenic treatment of metals, especially engine parts. In South India.
Fountainhead Cryogenic Processing - Deep cryogenic processing and tempering of all your tooling and wear parts. In York PA.
Frozen Solid - Deep Cryogenic Processing of most ferrous and non-ferrous materials to increase durability and wear resistance. Located in Suffolk, England
Meta Description: [ Improve Ferrous and Non-Ferrous materials properties with Deep Cryogenic Treatment ]
Integrated Cryogenic Systems Inc. - A cryogenic tempering treatment company that increases the life of tools, equipment, parts and materials. In Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Meta Description: [ Tempering metal website explains cryogenic tempering and cryo hardening of metals and steel. ]
Leading Edge Cryogenics, Inc. - Leading Edge Cryogenics has pioneered cryogenic process engineering, with three patents on the process used to treat spark plugs, brake pads, and orthopedic devices. In Camp Verde, Arizona.
Metal Science Services - Computer-controlled cryogenic processing and heat treating services that enhance steel performance for tooling, motor sports, knives, and firearms. Site also explains the science supporting cryogenic processing. In Driftwood TX.
Meta Description: [ Metal Science Services in Driftwood, Texas, offers advanced thermal processing services that dramatically enhance material performance. ]
NW Cryogenics Cold-treatment Services - Cryogenic processing of metals, composites, electronics and some polymers. In Littlerock, California.
Meta Description: [ Cryogenic tempering is used to enhance performance and extend the life of metal parts, composites, electronics and some polymers. Uses include machining and tooling, motorsports, sporting goods, musical instruments, farming, welding, etc. Were in Littlerock California ]
One Cryo - Cryogenic tempering treatment services for auto racing, tooling, firearms, golf clubs and musical instruments - Seattle, Washington and Wasilla, Alaska
Meta Description: [ Cryogenic tempering equipment manufacture and cryogenics processing services for treatment of tooling, racing engines, brake rotors, softball bats and golf clubs - 300 below and beyond ]
Role of Eta-carbide Precipitations in the Wear Resistance Improvements of - 1994 technical article (from the journal ISIJ International) which investigates the wear resistance and the microstructure of tempered alloy tool steels after cryogenic treatment.
TechSpec, Inc. Cryogenic Treatment Center - TechSpec Inc. is a Deep Cryogenic Treatment Center, which improves the performance of musical instruments, tools, dies, guns, golf clubs, bearings, engines, hammermills, and rotors. In Kansas City MO.
Meta Description: [ Failure Analysis Metallurgists, Metallurgical Expert Witness and Cryogenic Metal Processing in the Kansas City area and the continental U.S. - TechSpec Inc. ]
Texas Machine-Tool International - Machine tool sales and service. Also offers cryogenic treatment of tools to make them last longer. In Waco, Texas.
Meta Description: [ Machine tool solutions by Texas Machine-Tool International, LLC - Your complete CNC machine tool service company. ]
The Brass Bow - Specialists in the cryogenic freezing of musical instruments. Very good explanation of the process. In Arlington Heights, Illinois.
Meta Description: [ The Brass Bow Music Co.noted throughout the country for its knowledgeable musical instrument repair technicians.Combining state-of-the-art equipment with old world craftsmenship assures customers their instrument are cared for by technicians ]
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ThermoDyne - Cryogenics and integrated thermal coatings for engine parts, industrial tools, and sporting equipment. In White City, Oregon.
Meta Description: [ The industries leading coatings developer, innovating high-quality ceramic, liquid, and power coatings and applications. ]
York Cryogenics - Deep cryogenic processing of heat-treated steel, carbide, machine parts, auto parts, firearms, musical instruments, and some plastics. In York, PA.
Meta Description: [ York Cryogenics provides deep cryogenic processing for a wide range of materials and mechanisms ]
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