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Absolute zero is the point on the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where all kinetic motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest in the “classic” (non-quantum mechanical) sense. At absolute zero, matter contains no heat energy. By international agreement, absolute zero is a temperature of precisely . Throughout the scientific world where measurements are made in SI units, thermodynamic temperature is measured in kelvins where absolute zero is 0 K. Many engineering fields in the U.S. measure thermodynamic temperature using the Rankine scale where absolute zero is 0 °R.
Scientists have made great advancements in achieving temperatures ever closer to absolute zero (where matter exhibits odd quantum effects). In 1994 the NIST achieved a record cold temperature of 700 nK (billionths of a kelvin). In 2003, researchers at MIT eclipsed this with a new record of 450 pK (0.00045 nK).
History
The absolute zero state was first proposed by Guillaume Amontons in 1702 who was investigating the relationship between pressure and temperature in gases. He lacked accurate and precise thermometers so his results were only semi-quantitative, but he established that the pressure of a gas increases by roughly one-third between "cold" temperatures and the boiling point of water. His work led him to speculate that a sufficient reduction in temperature would lead to the disappearance of pressure. The problem is that all real gases liquify during the approach to absolute zero. More on [ Absolute zero ]
@Msmith2740 fuck that im beyond cold, 100 degrees below absolute zero
tedroddy (Ted Roddy) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 22:23:28 -0000
@Msmith2740 fuck that im beyond cold, 100 degrees below absolute zero
The Zero Loss Forex Trading System is a absolute gem of a trading plan. http://bit.ly/6YGdC8
forexindicators (FxTrendLine) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 08:10:34 -0000
The Zero Loss Forex Trading System is a absolute gem of a trading plan. http://bit.ly/6YGdC8
Entropy will be the eventual death of the universe... Unless it infinitely expands, and the universe reaches near-absolute-zero temperatures
theburglar1337 (Chenoa Houle) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 05:28:58 -0000
Entropy will be the eventual death of the universe... Unless it infinitely expands, and the universe reaches near-absolute-zero temperatures
Monster Hunter Freedom Unite/2G Ukanlos/Ucamulbas: Absolute Zero ... http://bit.ly/6BPqNf
Lightbwk (Lightbwk) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 03:51:04 -0000
Monster Hunter Freedom Unite/2G Ukanlos/Ucamulbas: Absolute Zero ... http://bit.ly/6BPqNf
Whatever funny is, Tracy Morgan is the opposite of it. He is the absolute zero of funny.
youarethewalrus (you are the walrus) Thu, 24 Dec 2009 21:26:01 -0000
Whatever funny is, Tracy Morgan is the opposite of it. He is the absolute zero of funny.
in fact, i see my gpa hitting absolute zero next semester. #threewordsforyou TWITTER RUINS LIVES
uhohfemmefatale (christiana ponder) Thu, 24 Dec 2009 20:38:28 -0000
in fact, i see my gpa hitting absolute zero next semester. #threewordsforyou TWITTER RUINS LIVES
Astronomy: Physics 151 Lab Manual - Click on: Experiment X: Ideal Gas Law and the Absolute Zero of Temperature. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. The experiment uses liquid nitrogen.
BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensation) Homepage - A new form of matter at the coldest temperatures in the universe. Simplified, surprisingly clear explanation. Includes cartoon illustrations.
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BEC: Bose Einstein Condensation of Sodium - A summary of the NIST project.
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Below Absolute Zero -- What Does Negative Temperature Mean? - Can you really make a system which has a temperature below absolute zero? From the Usenet Physics FAQ.
Computer Simulation of laser cooling and trapping - Download page for free copies of several Cool Simulations.
Meta Description: [ Download a Free copy of Cool Simulation ]
Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press releases from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and explanations of the work on Bose-Einstein condensates which won the Nobel Prize.
NIST - Atomic Physics Division - Laser Cooling and Trapping Group - This department of the National Institute of Standards and Technology studies the physics of laser cooling, electromagnetic trapping, and other radiative manipulation of neutral atoms and dielectric particles. Home of 1997 Nobel Prize winner William D. Phillips, whose team has cooled atoms to less than a millionth of a degree above absolute zero.
Research groups involved in atom trapping and cooling - A detailed links list of about 50 research groups around the world, with an immense list of subject links, as well. From the Laser Physics Group at Umeå University, Sweden.
Steven Chu, former Bell Labs researcher, wins 1997 Nobel in physics - Using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study. Nobel Prize for Chu, Phillips, and Cohen-Tannoudji.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 - This includes the press release of the Nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. For those wanting more scientific details, be sure to click the link for Additional background material under Further Reading.
What is absolute zero? - An answer from the Lansing State Journal in Michigan, January 29, 1992.
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