Gourt > Science > Technology > Biomedical Engineering > Tissue Engineering (2)
Tissue engineering can perhaps be best defined as the use of a combination of cells, engineering materials, and suitable biochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions in an effort to affect the advancement of medicine. Probably the first definition of tissue engineering was by Langer and Vacanti who stated it to be "an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ". MacArthur and Oreffo (as cited in "References") defined tissue engineering as "understanding the principles of tissue growth, and applying this to produce functional replacement tissue for clinical use." A further description goes on to say that an "underlying supposition of tissue engineering is that the employment of natural biology of the system will allow for greater success in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at the replacement, repair, maintenance, and/or enhancement of tissue function." These more general definitions are driven in part by recent scientific progress with completely autologous approaches. That is, many groups (Nicolas L'Heureux at Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Julie Campbell at University of Queensland etc, Loex laboratories at the Universite of Laval etc.) are demonstrating functional tissue engineered devices/organs without using synthetic biomaterials/scaffolds. These recent approaches are clearly based more on an understanding of cell biology than materials science.
In 2003, the NSF published a report titled "The Emergence of Tissue Engineering as a Research Field", which gives a thorough description of the history of this field.
While the semi-official definition of tissue engineering covers a broad range of applications, in practice the term has come to represent applications that repair or replace structural tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, etc...). These are tissues that function by virtue of their mechanical properties. A closely related (and older) field is cell transplantation. This field is concerned with the transplantation of cells that perform a specific biochemical function (e.g., an artificial pancreas, or an artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells to produce tissues.
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Meta Description: [ Man-made bone graft substitutes can eliminate or reduce the need to harvest natural bone for transplanting in people undergoing procedures like spinal fusion surgery.
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Meta Description: [ = ]
diaDexus - Dedicated to the discovery and commercialization of novel molecular diagnostics. A joint venture between SmithKline Beecham and Incyte.
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Meta Description: [ Genentech Inc., the founder of the biotechnology industry, is a pioneer in biotechnology research and is a leading biotechnology company. It discovers, develops, manufactures and markets biopharmaceuticals for significant unmet medical needs. ]
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Meta Description: [ MatTek produces normal (non-transformed), human cell-derived, three dimensional, organotypic in vitro tissue models. These models are proven alternatives to traditional animal testing, and enable genomic, proteomic, and drug delivery / discovery research not possible with traditional animal, mono... ]
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Meta Description: [ PTEI – Regenerative Medicine Research, News and Education. PTEI has been a leader of the fast-growing sector of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering since 1996 — with innovative programs in sponsored research and education that spur technology development and shape policy. PTEI also w... ]
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Meta Description: [ Tissue Engineering, Parts A, B, C Tissue Engineering is the authoritative peer-reviewed journal that jointly applies the principles of engineering and life sciences. The Journal provides a fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and pathologic tissues with the ulti... ]
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