Gourt > Science > Social Sciences > Political Science > Public Policy (1)
Public policy is a course of action or inaction chosen by public authorities to address a problem. Public policy is expressed in the body of laws, regulations, decisions and actions of government. Policy analysis may be used to formulate public policy and to evaluate its effectiveness. Many public policy analysts earn MPP's and MPA's in public policy schools, while others earn specialized degrees, such as an M.Ed for specializing in educational policy or an MSW for specializing in social welfare policy.
Various definitions
According to William Jenkins in Policy Analysis: A Political and Organizational Perspective (1978), a Public Policy is ‘a set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or group of actors concerning the selection of goals and the means of achieving them within a specified situation where those decisions should, in principle, be within the power of those actors to achieve’. Thus, Jenkins understands Public Policy making to be a process, and not simply a choice.
According to Thomas A. Birkland in An Introduction to the Policy Process (2001), there is a lack of a consensus on the definition of public policy. Birkland outlines a few definitions of public policy (Table 1.3 on p. 21):
- Clarke "E. Cochran, et al.: "The term public policy always refers to the actions of government and the intentions that determine those actions.
- Clarke E. Cochran, et al.: "Public policy is the outcome of the struggle in government over who gets what".
- Thomas Dye: Public policy is "Whatever governments choose to do or not do".
- Charles L. Cochran and Eloise F. Malone: "Public policy consists of political decisions for implementing programs to achieve societal goals".
- B. Guy Peters: "Stated most simply, public policy is the sum of government activities, whether acting directly or through agents, as it has an influence on the life of citizens".
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Public Agenda Online - Offers a nonpartisan briefing on policy and polling including red flags where poll results may be misleading plus a digest of news, legislation, studies, and research sources.
Technology - A publication of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Cecil and Ida Green Center for the Study of Science and Society at the University of Texas at Dallas.
AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies - Analyzes regulatory programs, proposals, and emerging issues related to the environment, health, network industries, the internet, deregulation, and the regulatory process. Site provides information about publications, current research topics, and upcoming events.
American Talk Issues: Polling - Provides information about public interest polling and its relation to public opinion. Includes information about the book Locating Consensus for Democracy by Alan F. Kay.
Meta Description: [ Non-profit Foundation leading the movement for polling in the public interest. ]
Arizona Center for Public Policy - Independent research center dedicated to delivering thorough information on Arizona's key policy issues. Mission, leadership and research topics.
History and Policy - National platform to offer insights from recent historical research to assist policy makers and advisers. Contains several scholarly papers on the subject.
Meta Description: [ A national platform for scholars to offer informed, acce
ssible and constructive insights from recent historical research to assist policy makers a
nd advisers. History & Policy is a joint initiative supported by the Faculty of History,
University of Cambridge and the Institute of Contemporary B... ]
Introduction to Social Policy - Social Policy is the study of the welfare state, and the range of responses to social need. This is a brief introduction to the subject.
Meta Description: [ Social Policy is the study of the welfare state, and responses to social need. These pages outline the main issues. ]
Moving Ideas Network - Issues and commentary from a progressive perspective.
Meta Description: [ Network of more than 185 progressive research, policy and advocacy organizations; policy info and activism opportunities ]
Pepperdine University School of Public Policy - Information on the Masters in Public Policy program, educational conferences, research, students, admissions, financial aid, faculty members, and research fellows. Online application.
Meta Description: [ Description ]
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Policies of the European Union -
Meta Description: [ European Commission - Redirection template for non existing pages ]
Policy Library - Extensive database of think tank and academic papers on social, economic, and foreign policy from around the world. Also provides information about policy jobs, courses, research resources, and events.
Meta Description: [ Policy Library ]
Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) - Researches the American public's attitudes on international issues by conducting nationwide polls, focus groups and comprehensive reviews of polling conducted by other organizations.
Meta Description: [ The Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) researches public attitudes on international issues by conducting nationwide polls, focus groups and comprehensive reviews of polling conducted by other organizations ]
Research Forum on Children, Families, and the New Federalism - Encourages collaborative research and informed policy on welfare reform and child well-being. Research projects, key topics, publications and links.
Meta Description: [ The Research Forum encourages collaborative research and informed policy on welfare reform, child and family well-being, and community/neighborhood issues. ]
Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy - The Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy at Duke University is dedicated to educating tomorrow's leaders and improving the quality of public policymaking through scholarly research, undergraduate and graduate education, professional training, and the exchange of ideas with public officials and opinion leaders.
Meta Description: [ The Institute is an international leader in Public Policy Studies. Our undergraduate program is one of the largest public policy majors in the United States. Our graduate program attracts top students and mid-career professionals from across the country and around the world and our faculty are re... ]
The Burden of Bad Ideas - In this book Heather Mac Donald critizes the effects of today's elite thought throughout society. Introduction, reviews and links.
Meta Description: [ By Heather Mac Donald, Contributing Editor to City Journal. ]
The Electronic Hallway - Offers teaching cases, exercises, role-plays, teaching workshops, and curriculum planning resources to faculty focusing on public administration and public policy.
The H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management Web Site - The Heinz School curriculum focuses on areas that included quantitative analysis, modeling, conomics and statistics.
The Robertson School of Government - Seeks to restore our nation's Judeo-Christian heritage, to renew the traditional values of citizenship in the public affairs of the United States. Leadership and policy issues are rigorously analyzed from various academic perspectives in a broad, multidisciplinary endeavor.
Meta Description: [ The Robertson School of Government provides a balance of Judeo-Christian tradition in a rigorous academic curriculum, producing leaders who are equipped, both practically and technologically, to meet the challenges of leadership in government, policy-making, and politics. ]
The Rockridge Institute - Think tank for progressive politics and public policies. Articles, activities and staff.
Meta Description: [ The Rockridge Institute is dedicated to strengthening our democracy by providing intellectual support to the progressive community. We partner with advocates, activists, and policy professionals to articulate the system of American values and ideas and reframe public debate. ]
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