Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language — the source text — and the production, in another language, of a new, equivalent text — the target text, or translation.
Traditionally, translation has been a human activity, although attempts have been made to automate and computerize the translation of natural-language texts — machine translation — or to use computers as an aid to translation — computer-assisted translation.
The goal of translation is generally to establish a relation of equivalence of intent between the source and target texts (that is to say, to ensure that both texts communicate the same message), while taking into account a number of constraints. These constraints include context, the rules of grammar of both languages, their writing conventions, their idioms, and the like.
More on [ Translation ]
Translation :: Communications
Globalization :: Software
World Languages :: Dictionaries
English :: Foreign Languages

A Handbook for Literary Translators - E-text of the PEN American Center Translation Committee. Available for browser viewing or as a Word 97 download.
At-turjuman - Translation and interlingual communication abstracts, articles and research papers.
BabelCode Project - Proposals for machine friendly text authoring which will facilitate better machine translation.
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Carola Urquhart - Translating - Related articles including glossaries, learning German, machine translations, insults and a comparison between Germany and England.
Meta Description: [ Anglo German Language Services ]
Ring of Translation Research - Webring for sites about translation research.
Meta Description: [ Dedicated to the promotion of translation and cross-cultural communication. Provides information on joining the ring. Links to member pages and criteria for joining. Sites with an emphasis on language, linguistics or any other field related to translation may join. ]
Strategies in Translation - Dissertation of John Richard Morton Gledhill literary translation theory.
The Freelance Translation Profession - Lecture by M.S.N. Carpenter on whether freelancing is viable. Discusses various issues, including tips.
The Language Realm - Roger Chriss's page with library and resources, including his Language as a Profession series of articles.
Translatio - General information about books and translation, in English and Greek.
Translation and Languages Guide - Christian Erwig-Straughan's page about professional translation practice. Favourable mention of the companies Lengua Translations, Admcity China, Language Intelligence and Echo International.
Meta Description: [ What to look out for when buying language translation services. How to pick a good translator. ]
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