Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used.
It also studies how lects differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social class or socio-economic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place to place (dialect), language usage varies among social classes, and it is these sociolects that sociolinguistics studies.
For example, a sociolinguist might determine through study of social attitudes that Black English Vernacular would not be considered appropriate language use in a business or professional setting; he or she might also study the grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, and other aspects of this sociolect much as a dialectologist would study the same for a regional dialect.
More on [ Sociolinguistics ]

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American Dialect Society - Scholarly association dedicated to the study of the English language in North America.
American Russian: An Endangered Language? - Article by Maria Polinsky discussing a case of language attrition.
Atlas of North American English - A survey of linguistic changes in progress in North American English.
Meta Description: [ The Phonological Atlas of North America ]
Attitudes Toward Nonstandard Language in the Classroom - Compares attitudes of German-speaking and English-speaking students and teacher toward dialects of their language. Includes slide show and bibliography. Undergraduate honors thesis of Kendra Banks Perry.
Centre for Language and Ecology - Supporting research into discourse analysis of language/texts which have ecological impact.
Meta Description: [ Centre for Language and Ecology: Supporting research into ecolinguistics and ecological linguistics from a deep ecology / critical discourse analysis perspective. ]
Dialect Survey Maps - Online pronunciation test and maps of answers.
International Dialects of English Archive - A repository of primary source recordings for actors and other artists in the performing arts.
Language and Nationalism in Asia - Research on language and orthographic reform in Han cultural sphere, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and China.
Language Attitudes Toward Written Taiwanese - A survey on current issues regarding the Taiwanese writing system.
Language Futures Europe - Links to sites about multilingualism, language policy and the dominance of English in Europe.
Meta Description: [ Link site on the language futures of Europe, language policy, multilingualism and the dominance of English. ]
Language Policy Web Site - An exchange of news and views on English Only legislation, bilingual education, endangered languages and related issues of U.S. language policy.
Meta Description: [ An exchange of news and views on English Only legislation, bilingual education, the No Child Left Behind Act, endangered languages and related issues of U.S. language policy. ]
Language Varieties - Varieties of language that differ from the standard variety normally used in the media and taught in the schools.
Meta Description: [ Language Varieties ]
Lingva Prismo - Promoting the concept of interlingualism (balancing language equality with effective communication), with language maps, quizzes, and information on world languages and writing systems. In English, Esperanto, and several European languages.
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LSA Fields of Linguistics - Sociolinguistics - A brief introduction to the field by Walt Wolfram of North Carolina State University.
My language - Mailing list about unofficial languages and varieties from Europe.
Meta Description: [ my-language: our languages ]
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North Carolina Language and Life Project - An organization performing research and leading educational programs in representative speech communities.
Meta Description: [ Learn more about North Carolina State University, located in Raleigh, NC, and one of the nation's top 40 universities and recognized by the Princeton Review as a best value. ]
PBS - Do You Speak American? - Companion material to a TV documentary examining the dynamic state of American (USA) English.
Meta Description: [ Thirteen/WNET New York's Do You Speak American? - featuring celebrated journalist and writer Robert MacNeil in his first public television documentary since 1995 - is a celebration of Americans as seen - and heard - through the way we speak. ]
Promoting Community Languages - From the Welsh Language Board. Ideas and suggestions to agencies, groups or individuals who wish to promote the use of minority languages in their communities.
Meta Description: [ Bwrdd Yr Iaith Gymraeg - The Welsh Language Board ]
Social Factors - When two people speak with one another, there is always more going on than just conveying a message. The language used by the participants is always influenced by a number of social factors which define the relationship between the participants.
Sociolinguistics - Concept of 'Language' - Need language be seen as a continuum of different accents, or as a fixed structure of rules? Undergraduate essay.
Meta Description: [ Need language be seen as a continuum
of different accents, or as a fixed structure of rules? (Christian
Asseburg, Linguistics Undergraduate essay, 11 March 1999.) ]
Sociolinguistics Laboratory - University of Ottawa - Site details people, materials as well as past and ongoing research studies into results of language contact.
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Sociolinguistics Quizzes - Questions to assess your comprehension of the various principles of sociolinguistics. Includes a reading list.
The Global Language Monitor - Essays and articles on various linguistic topics, and an algorithmic analysis of political language use in the United States.
Meta Description: [ Global English, English as a Global Language ]
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