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Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). Whereas phonetics is about the physical production and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages.
An important part of phonology is studying which sounds are distinctive units within a language. In English, for example, /p/ and /b/ are distinctive units of sound, (i.e., they are phonemes / the difference is phonemic, or phonematic). This can be seen from minimal pairs such as "pin" and "bin", which mean different things, but differ only in one sound. On the other hand, /p/ is often pronounced differently depending on its position relative to other sounds, yet these different pronunciations are still considered by native speakers to be the same "sound". For example, the /p/ in "pin" is aspirated while the same phoneme in "spin" is not. In some other languages, eg Thai and Quechua, this same difference of aspiration or non-aspiration does differentiate phonemes.
In addition to the minimal meaningful sounds (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, such as the /p/ in English described above, and topics such as syllable structure, stress, accent, and intonation.
More on [ Phonology ]
I've been all the day in the center, ugh. I had a hot dog in a new place. And then the last assignments for Phonetics&Phonology, wohoo!
pushingdessy (Desiré Ruggeri) Tue, 03 Nov 2009 22:31:51 -0000
I've been all the day in the center, ugh. I had a hot dog in a new place. And then the last assignments for Phonetics&Phonology, wohoo!
Practical phonetics and phonology http://library.hud.ac.uk/t/637139
hudlibbooks (Hudd Uni Lib Books) Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:13:01 -0000
Practical phonetics and phonology http://library.hud.ac.uk/t/637139
Phonetics and phonology class at building 4.4301 http://myloc.me/1jpiO
fildzahsallina (Fildzah Sallina) Tue, 03 Nov 2009 04:07:50 -0000
Phonetics and phonology class at building 4.4301 http://myloc.me/1jpiO
Ok. Now I really need to study to Phonetics and Phonology, and Psycology
acnaibmai (Mai-chan) Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:45:08 -0000
Ok. Now I really need to study to Phonetics and Phonology, and Psycology
Phonology in Perception (Phonology and Phonetics) - Mouton de Gruyter. http://bit.ly/zMVHy
reference_book (New Reference Books) Sun, 01 Nov 2009 02:42:09 -0000
Phonology in Perception (Phonology and Phonetics) - Mouton de Gruyter. http://bit.ly/zMVHy
Phonology in Perception (Phonology and Phonetics) - Mouton de Gruyter. http://tinyurl.com/ycughk4
nonfiction_book (New Nonfiction Books) Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:45:53 -0000
Phonology in Perception (Phonology and Phonetics) - Mouton de Gruyter. http://tinyurl.com/ycughk4
Acoustics of the vowel - Experiments concerning the physical characteristics of vowels: formants and pitches (F0), formant pattern ambiguity, formant number alteration. Important for all sciences related to speech, acoutsic phonetics, speech therapy and speech recognition.
Meta Description: [ Acoustics of the Vowel. Formant patterns of vowel sounds:
correlation between formants and F0 (pitch), high pitched vowels, sex and gender differences, formant number alterations,
and formant pattern ambiguity. ]
Analytic Listening: A New Approach to Ear-Training - Paper on a method for ear-training and auditory skill assessment of students of phonetics.
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Anatomy of the vocal tract - Diagram and descriptions of the places of articulation.
Auditory scales of frequency representation - Overview of conversion equations and suggestions as to when it is appropriate to use Hz, semi-tones, mel, bark, and ERB.
Meta Description: [ This overview contains conversion equations and suggestions as to when it is appropriate to use Hz, semi-tones, mel, bark, and ERB. ]
Contrasted Phonology of English and Portuguese Vowels - English, Portuguese, and Spanish vowels are discussed, and possible errors of Portuguese-speaking students of English are examined.
Meta Description: [ Contrasted phonology of English & Portuguese vowels. - Estudo comparado das vogais do português e do inglês. ]
English Conversational Grunts - Contains speech samples illustrating the phonetic diversity of non-lexical items in conversation, such as uh-huh, mm-hm, nn-hnn, nyeah, m-kay, together with discussion of their pragmatics.
Four Tones and Downtrend - Preliminary report on pitch realization in Mambila, a language with four level tones.
Ghoti - Brief analysis of why ghoti may be pronounced as fish
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Infography about Phonology - List of mostly print resources on phonology recommended by a professor who specializes in phonological research.
Meta Description: [ Sources recommended by a professor whose research specialty is phonology. ]
Linguistic Annotation - Tools and formats for speech and text annotation
Meta Description: [ Tools and formats for speech and text annotation ]
Linguistics and Phonetics Worldwide - Virtual library of linguistics and phonetics.
Meta Description: [ Linguistics and Phonetics
Worldwide. A WWW Virtual Library ]
Magical Letter Page - Site regarding phonosemantics, the meaning of sound.
Phonetics: The Sounds of English and Spanish - Animated libraries of the phonetic sounds of Spanish and English.
Meta Description: [ This site contains FLASH animated libraries of the phonetic sounds of Spanish and English. Available for each consonant and vowel is an animated articulatory diagram, a step-by-step description, and video-audio of the sound spoken in context. It is intended for students of phonetics, linguistics,... ]
Phonological Atlas of North America - Results of a telephone survey of the major urbanized areas of the U.S. and Canada.
Meta Description: [ The Phonological Atlas of North America ]
Prosody on the Web - Introduction to prosody, including chunking, focus, and pitch.
Rutgers Optimality Archive - Contributed-content index of Optimality Theory information. Searchable or browseable data, submission and update forms, font and utility downloads, links to other collections.
Socrates - Links to internet resources in phonetics and speech communication.
404
Sounds of the World's Animals - How animal sounds are represented in various languages.
Speech Accent Archive - Archive of foreign accents recorded in English. Phonetic transcriptions and phonological generalizations are provided.
Speech Internet Dictionary - Comprehensive dictionary of terms used in phonetics and linguistics
Speech Web Sites - Variety of links to mainly acoustics-related sites.
Spoken Language Corpus - Summary of work on spoken language at Göteborg University, including discussion of Modified Standard Orthography (MSO). [by Allwood et al, Göteborg University]
Meta Description: [ Forum: Qualitative Social Research is a multilingual online journal. Its main aim is to promote discussion and cooperation between qualitative researchers from different countries and disciplines. ]
Studying Phonetics on the Net - List of categorized links concerning the study of spoken English.
Meta Description: [ Guide to online and freeware resources for studying speech
sounds of English. Some demos. ]
404
Talking Heads - Contains information concerning speech synthesis, vocal tract modeling, facial animation, and the McGurk effect.
Teaching English Intonation with a Visual Display of Fundamental Frequency - Paper on the use of fundamental frequency displays for teaching English intonation. [by Richard Stibbard]
Meta Description: [ In a reaction against the theory and practice prevalent from the 1960s until the early 1980s, good pronunciation skills are now increasingly being seen as important in a communicative approach to teaching English as a Foreign/Second Language. ]
The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary - Machine-readable pronunciation dictionary for North American English that contains over 100,000 words and their transcriptions.
The Kiel Intonation Modell (KIM) - Paper on The Kiel Intonation Model (KIM), its Implementation in TTS Synthesis and its Application to the Study of Spontaneous Speech.
The Rhythmic Speech Museum - Concerns rhythm in speech.
The SpeechDat Project - Database of recordings of speech in various languages.
Virtual Language Laboratory - Online language laboratory providing pronunciation practice and accent correction in a number of languages.
Meta Description: [ Pronunciation guides + online dictionary for English and 9 other languages with instant mouseover sound, completely free online: pronunciation guides are provided for English (7 varieties) French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese (Mandarin), Japanese, Indonesian and Thai. Over 40 nat... ]
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Vowel Charts - Acoustic vowel charts of various languages [by Antti Iivonen, University of Helsinki Department of Phonetics]
Vowels and Consonants - Collection of sound and speech examples of hundreds of languages and dialects. [by Peter Ladefoged, UCLA]
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