Japanese Sign Languages (JSL, 日本手話 nihon shuwa) are the various sign languages most commonly used in Japan by 95% of the deaf comuminty. There is no single standardized form, although the sign language used in the Kanto area has a certain dominance over other forms, especially as it is in this dialect that news reports on television are often signed. The various dialects are generally mutually intelligible, however there is much greater variation than among American Sign Language. Like other sign languages it is not directly related to spoken Japanese.
There is little knowledge about sign language and the deaf community during the Edo period and before. In 1862, the Edo government dispatched envoys to various European schools for the deaf. However, the first school for the deaf wasn't established until 1878 in Kyōto, and it wasn't until 1948 that deaf children were required to attend formal education.
JSL makes much greater use of mouthing (saying a word with or without making a sound) to disambiguate various signs. Fingerspelling (see JSL syllabary) was introduced from America in the early part of the twentieth century and isn't used as much as in the USA. Finger writing (tracing Japanese characters in the air) is sometimes used. There is a system associating the Kanji with particular signs, which is used for places and personal names.
More on [ Japanese Sign Language ]
Language :: Society and Culture

Article about JSL - By Karen Nakamura of Yale University.
Ethnologue JSL Entry - Information on JSL from 1996.
Meta Description: [ Home page of ethnologue.com, a searchable database of language resources. ]
JSL Fact Sheet - From Jeremy Wilkinson and Berna Marthinussen. In English.
WWW Guide - Links. Yamada Language Center (YLC) at University of Oregon.
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