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The word "theory" has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on the context and their methodologies. In common usage, people use the word "theory" to signify "conjecture", "speculation", or "opinion." In this sense, "theories" are opposed to "facts" — parts of the world, or claims about the world, that are real or true regardless of what people think.

In science, a theory is a proposed description, explanation, or model of the manner of interaction of a set of natural phenomena, capable of predicting future occurrences or observations of the same kind, and capable of being tested through experiment or otherwise falsified through empirical observation. It follows from this that for scientists "theory" and "fact" do not necessarily stand in opposition. For example, it is a fact that an apple dropped on earth has been observed to fall towards the center of the planet, and the theory which explains why the apple behaves so is the current theory of gravitation.

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Autobiography of James A. Mirrlees - Major contributor on economic theory of incentives, asymmetric information and foundations of mechanism design. Winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, 1996 (together with William Vickrey).

Autobiography of John C.Harsanyi - One of the founders of game theory and winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, 1994 (together with Nash and Selten)

Autobiography of John F. Nash, Jr. - One of the founders of game theory and winner of the Nobel Prize for economics, 1994 (together with Harsanyi and Selten)

Autobiography of Reinhard Selten - One of the founders of game theory and experimental economics and winner of the Nobel Prize in economics 1994 (together with Nash and Harsanyi)

Biography of William S. Vickrey - Founder of auction theory and winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, 1996 (together with James A. Mirrlees).

Ernst Zermelo - Biography (1871-1953).
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History of Game Theory - An outline of the history of game theory by Paul Walker

Oskar Morgenstern - (1902 - 1976), co-founder of game theory, brief introduction to his life and work.

Register of Papers by Oskar Morgenstern - Papers by one of the founders of game theory, registered at Duke University.

Robert J. Aumann - Information about his life and influence on economic thought and game theory.

Thomas Schelling - Major works.

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