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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test designed to assist a person in identifying some significant personality preferences. Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers developed the test during World War II, and its criteria follow from Carl Jung's theories in his work Psychological Types.Jung, Carl Gustav (August 1, 1971). Psychological Types (Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volume 6). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691097704. The registered trademark rights in the phrase and its abbreviation have been assigned from the publisher of the test, Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Trust.Consulting Psychologists Press (2004). Trademark Guidelines. Retrieved December 20, 2004. The test is frequently used in the areas of pedagogy, group dynamics, employee training, leadership training, marriage counseling, and personal development, although scientific skeptics and academic psychologists have subjected it to considerable criticism in research literature, noting it "lacks convincing validity data" Hunsley J, Lee CM, Wood JM (2004). Controversial and questionable assessment techniques. Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, Lilienfeld SO, Lohr JM, Lynn SJ (eds.). Guilford, ISBN 1593850700, p. 65. and is a classic example of the Forer effect.Carroll, Robert Todd (January 9, 2004). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®. The Skeptic's Dictionary. Retrieved January 8, 2004.
Historical development
C. G. Jung first spoke about typology at the Munich Psychological Congress in 1913. Katharine Cook Briggs began her research into personality in 1917, developing a four-type framework: Social; Thoughtful; Executive; Spontaneous. In 1923 Jung's Psychological Types was published in English translation (having first been published in German in 1921). Katharine Briggs' first publications are two articles describing Jung's theory, in the journal New Republic in 1926 (Meet Yourself Using the Personality Paint Box) and 1928 (Up From Barbarism). Katharine Briggs' daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, wrote a prize-winning mystery novel Murder Yet to Come in 1929, using typological ideas. She added to her mother's typological research, which she would progressively take over entirely. In 1942, the "Briggs-Myers Type Indicator®" was created, and the Briggs Myers Type Indicator Handbook was published in 1944. The indicator changed its name to the modern form (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®) in 1956.Geyer, Peter (1998) Some Significant Dates. Retrieved December 5, 2005.University of Florida (2003) Guide to the Isabel Briggs Myers Papers 1885-1992, George A. Smathers Libraries, Department of Special and Area Studies Collections, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved December 5, 2005.
About the indicator
The indicator differs from standardized tests and others measuring traits, such as intelligence, instead classifying people's preferred types. According to Myers-Briggs Theory, while types and traits are both inborn, traits can be improved akin to skills, whereas types, if supported by a healthy environment, naturally differentiate over time. The indicator attempts to tell the order in which this occurs in each person, and it is that information, combined with interviews done with others who have indicated having the same preferences, that the complete descriptions are based on. The indicator then, is akin to an arrow which attempts to point in the direction of the proper description. The facet of the theory which posits that the features being sorted for are in fact types, and not traits which can be improved with practice, is hotly debated. More on [ Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ]
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Remote Sensing and GIS Integration: Theories, Methods, and Applications: Theory, Methods, and Applications: .. http://bit.ly/8OVMtr
gkia (cSuper GKiAi+;,) Wed, 09 Dec 2009 05:31:13 -0000
Remote Sensing and GIS Integration: Theories, Methods, and Applications: Theory, Methods, and Applications: .. http://bit.ly/8OVMtr
#vc4africa Makarand replied to Charles Moses's discussion 'Interested in discussions on remote sensing and GIS vent... http://bit.ly/5sXCGb
VC4Africa (VC 4 Africa) Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:18:47 -0000
#vc4africa Makarand replied to Charles Moses's discussion 'Interested in discussions on remote sensing and GIS vent... http://bit.ly/5sXCGb
Application of remote sensing to parks and protected area monitoring: Introduction to the special issue (PDF) http://bit.ly/65bCtr #GIS
databasin (Data Basin) Mon, 07 Dec 2009 22:17:33 -0000
Application of remote sensing to parks and protected area monitoring: Introduction to the special issue (PDF) http://bit.ly/65bCtr #GIS
Application of remote sensing to parks and protected area monitoring: Introduction to the special issue (PDF) http://bit.ly/65bCtr #GIS
jeremiahosgo (J. Osborne-Gowey) Mon, 07 Dec 2009 22:17:17 -0000
Application of remote sensing to parks and protected area monitoring: Introduction to the special issue (PDF) http://bit.ly/65bCtr #GIS
Looking at MSc courses. Oceanography at Bangor and Remote Sensing + GIS at Aberystwyth both look interesting.
willum36 (Will Griffith) Mon, 07 Dec 2009 21:46:15 -0000
Looking at MSc courses. Oceanography at Bangor and Remote Sensing + GIS at Aberystwyth both look interesting.
Case Study : Assessment of ground water conditions using remote sensing, GIS and Geoelectrical techniques.. http://bit.ly/80a6lK #gis
mnikhil4 (Nikhil Mahajan) Fri, 04 Dec 2009 11:44:18 -0000
Case Study : Assessment of ground water conditions using remote sensing, GIS and Geoelectrical techniques.. http://bit.ly/80a6lK #gis
Aerial Archaeological Research Group - Aerial Archaeology Research Group, providing a forum for the exchange of ideas and information concerning all facets of aerial archaeology. Includes related bibliography and links.
Meta Description: [ Aerial Archaeology Research Group, providing a forum for the exchange of ideas and information concerning all facets of aerial archaeology. ]
Aerial Archaeology - Jacques Dassié explains aerial archaeology and related techniques. Illustrated articles using examples from the Poitou-Charentes region of France.
Meta Description: [ Main menu ]
Aerial Archaeology - Developing Future Practice - Program of a NATO Workshop held in Poland in November 2000. Includes abstracts of all presented papers.
Aerial Archaeology Examples - Presentation of examples where aerial photography provides additional data to archaeologists on the ground.
Aerial Archive - The Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory of the University of Vienna explains the history, methods and uses of aerial archaeology. Description of the archive and samples from it.
Meta Description: [ Aerial Archaeology in Austria. If you are interested in aerial archaeology, taking and archiving aerial photographs, photo-interpretation or mapping and visualizing sites, then you will find these pages useful. ]
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Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East - Profile and bibliography related to the archive which consists of over 8000 photographs and several hundred maps for several countries, mainly Jordan.
Aerial Surveys of Persepolis and Ancient Iran - Contains aerial photographs of excavations in progress in 1936, of sites under consideration at that time, and of other areas of Iran that were archaeologically unknown in 1936.
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Application of GIS to Roman Settlement Patterns in Spain - The application of GIS to the study of the development of the Roman settlement pattern in Spain. Paper by Federica Massagrande.
Archaeological Remote Sensing - Techniques used by NASA for archeological research. Includes remote sensing data for Arenal, Costa Rica, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, and The Petén, Guatemala.
Meta Description: [ Remote Sensing techniques used by NASA for
archeological research. ]
Archaeological Site Modelling - Article from the Oriental Institute Computer Laboratory presenting the methods and uses of data acquisition, templates, and computer analysis for site modelling. Contains link to a computer model of the Giza Plateau as an example.
Archaeology and GIS--The Linux Way - A description of an archaeology project making use of the freely available geographic information system GRASS. From the Linux Journal, an article by R. Joe Brandon, Trevor Kludt and Markus Neteler.
Archaeology in Baden-Wurttemberg: A Pilot's View - Aerial photographs of archaeological sites by Otto Braasch.
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Archeological Geophysics Image Library - Imagery in this library is derived from archaeological remote sensing projects conducted primarily by the Archeo-Imaging Lab at the University of Arkansas. These projects have utilized ground penetrating radar, proton magnetometry, fluxgate gradiometry, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic conductivity methods.
Archiving Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Data - Document is intended to be a guide to good practice in the creation and maintenance of digital resources related to aerial photography, satellite and airborne remote sensing, and archaeological interpretations made from such data sources.
BG-Map Cultural Resources Module - Archaeology and anthropology database and mapping software for documentation of historical properties and their inhabitants.
British Academy: Aerial Survey for Archaeology - The British Academy reviews new technologies for Aerial Survey and for access to the Photographic Records in this report.
City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State - Using Corona satellite photos, Noboru Ogata, Kyoto University Japan, studied city plans of an ancient kingdom which existed in northeastern China (7th - 10th century AD).
Digital Technologies at the Colesseum and the Baths of Caracalla - Presentation of the results of a Virtual Heritage project to scan the architecture of the Baths of Caracalla and the Colosseum. The work utilized long range laser scanning to capture detailed model data of the structures.
Francesca Radcliffe's Aerial Archaeology - Francesca's new project is to identify the archaeological features seen on the oblique aerial photographs and then rectify and mapping them. Interactive map and image gallery of Dorset Hill Forts .
Meta Description: [ Francesca Radcliffe - o 8000 aerial photographs of Dorset archaeology ]
Geoarchaeology and GIS - Introduction to the use of GIS in combination with geoarchaeology to solve archaeological problems. Includes a slide show conceptual practicum to illustrate the how archaeological predictive models can benefit from incorporating geoarchaeology using simple, simulated data.
Geomatics at Birchtown - GIS and remote sensing technologies were used to explore and analyze the spatial and attribute information at Birchtown and to geo-correct the only known copy of a late eighteenth century land grants map of Birchtown, known as the Goulden Map.
Meta Description: [ The archaeological research of one of Nova Scotia's original Black Loyalist settelements of the late eighteenth century ]
Geophysical Prospection of Archaeological Sites - Harald von der Osten-Woldenburg gives examples of the use of geomagnetics, geoelectrics, electromagnetic induction and ground penetrating radar in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Meta Description: [ Prospection of Archaeological Sites by Examples ]
GIS and Archaeology: MDA Information - Paper by Neil Lang, published in volume 2 of the mda Information publication. Discusses how museums can take advantage of GIS used in archaeology.
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GIS and Prehistoric Mammal Acquisition Patterns - A paper by Cheryl L. Huckerby on using GIS analyses of mammal species' landscape distributions to produce species assemblage lists that are comparable with archaeological species assemblage lists.
GIS and Remote Sensing for Archaeology - A long-term project by Dr. Scott Madry on the applications of remote sensing and GIS in the Burgundy region of France. Methodology, bibliography
GIS and Remote Sensing:Burgundy, France - Detailed information regarding a multi-disciplinary research project: Applications of Geomatics for Long Term Regional Archaeological Settlement Pattern Analysis.
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GIS Archaeologists - International directory of archaeologists specializing in geographic information system applications.
GIS Dictionary - This on-line dictionary of GIS terms is brought to you by the Association for Geographic Information and the University Of Edinburgh Department of Geography.
GIS Guide to Good Practice - Document designed specifically to provide guidance for individuals and organisations involved in the creation, maintenance, use and long-term preservation of GIS-based digital resources.
GIS in Archaeology - General overview of the use of Geographic Information Systems in archaeology. Hosted by the University of Alabama Office of Archaeological Research.
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GIS Techniques in Assessing Archaeological Resources - Presentation of the work of the University of Bologna on GIS applications in Italy and Nepal.
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GISarch Discussion List - This list is intended to facilitate discussion between archaeologists making use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology.
Meta Description: [ This is our 404 page ]
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GIS in Archaeology: An Annotated Bibliography - Orignially published in Sydney University Archaeological Methods Series 1, and compiled by Petrie, Johnson, Cullen, and Kvamme. Includes a keyword index to the 328 references.
Ground-Penetrating Radar in Archaeology - Introduction to using radar geophysics to locate and map buried archaeological features. Includes links to sites on which GPR has been used.
How Geophysical Methods Can Help the Archaeologist - A long article by Lambert Dolphin.
Introduction to Aerial Archaeology - Article by the University of Vienna Aerial Archive. Presents the history and applications of aerial archaeology.
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New Zealand Archaeology: The Aerial View - The aerial photographs in this compendium are oblique or low oblique (near vertical) images taken by Kevin L. Jones.
North American Database of Archaeological Geophysics - Database and website that aims to promote use, education, communication, and a knowledge base of the practice of archaeological geophysics in North America. Image library, projects database, bibliography, educational materials, instruments and manufacturer, practioners, and events.
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Online Papers on GIS in Archaeology - Directory of papers available on-line, most from user conferences for a GIS system called ESRI.
Meta Description: [ ESRI is the world leader in GIS (geographic information system) technology. This site features free GIS software, online mapping, online training, demos, data, software and service information, user scripts, and more. ]
Pitcalc - Computer program written to assist in the planning of archaeological discoveries in difficult field situations. Includes its method, projects, photos, and download instructions.
Meta Description: [ An introduction to the Pitcalc Archaeological Site Planning Spectrum computer program plus a new free interactive Internet version ]
Project Zeugma - The use of remote sensing and GIS Technology for archaeology on the Euphrates.
Remote Sensing and Archaeology: The Chora of Chersonesos - The Center for Space Research and the University of Texas Institute of Classical Archaeology project investigating the use of remote sensing in a comprehensive regional study of the ancient Greek agricultural territory. Contains an area description and historical background, excavation sites, remotely sensed data.
Remote Sensing Archeology Research at NASA - NASA uses remote sensing for archeology research in the Peten Guatemala, Arenal region of Costa Rica, and Chaco Canyon in New Mexico.
Meta Description: [ NASA uses remote sensing for archeology
research in the Peten Guatemala, Arenal region of Costa Rica, and Chaco Canyon
in New Mexico. ]
Resistivity Survey of the Nevis Jewish Cemetery - The information on this page is taken from 'What are you doing?': Examining a colonial period Jewish cemetery in the Caribbean, a paper given by Michelle Terrell at the 31st Annual Meetings of the Society for Historical Archaeology.
Satellite Remote Sensing and Archaeology - Information relating to the application of satellite imagery to archaeology including examples of satellite images of archaeological features and an extensive bibliography.
Meta Description: [ This homepage provides a focus for information relating to the application of satellite imagery to archaeology. The site includes examples of satellite images of archaeological features and an extensive bibliography ]
Securing a Future for Essex's Past - Article from ArcUser magazine on the use of GIS by the County Council's Archaeology Section.
Meta Description: [ ESRI is the world leader in GIS (geographic information system) software and technology. This site featurs free GIS software, online mapping, online GIS training, demos, data, product and service information, user scripts, and much more. ]
Sensuous and Reflexive GIS: Exploring Visualisation and VRML - Developing a synergy between VRML and GIS. Internet Archaeology 1996.
Space Radar Laboratory Images of Angkor, Cambodia - Images from the international Space Radar Laboratory may help researchers find previously unknown settlements near the ancient city of Angkor in Cambodia.
Technology in Archaeology: Imaging Radar - Brief introduction to the uses of imaging radar in archaeology.
Meta Description: [ This exhibit contains information about how modern technologies can be applied to the discipline of archaeology. ]
The Aerial Archaeology Newsletter - A single issue by Baker Aerial Photography in 1996 discusses the history, methodology and uses of aerial photography for archaeology, with examples.
The Search for Ubar - NASA's presentation on how remote sensing helped find this lost city.
Meta Description: [ This Observatorium Exhibit describes how a combination ofhard work, dedicated research, and remote sensing technology was usedto search for an ancient lost fortress. ]
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The Sky's Eyes: Remote Sensing in Archaeology - NOVA Online article that describes the remote sensing techniques used to find The Lost City of Ubar.
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The Whistling Elk Subsurface Imaging Project - Project was conceived as a means to explore the potential of linking multiple remote sensing methods at a single archaeological site. project background, methods, results, and bibliography.
TimeMap Project - The TimeMap™ project is researching methods for recording, indexing, analysing and delivering archaeological data with spatial and temporal components. Free TMJava software download.
Meta Description: [ This is the TimeMap project home page. The main focus of the TimeMap project has been the development of interactive mapping software. This software has applications in areas such as analysing environmental and cultural changes. Other software developed includes an image database and digitising s... ]
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Wroxeter Hinterland Project - An international team of archaeologists is carrying out the total exploration of the city by non-destructive remote sensing methods, including magnetometry, resistivity, electrical imaging, seismic scanning, ground probing radar, airborne hyper- and multi-spectral scanning, and satellite imaging.
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