Archaeoastronomy (also spelled Archeoastronomy) is the study of ancient or traditional astronomies in their cultural context, utilising archaeological and anthropological evidence. The anthropological study of astronomical practices in contemporary societies is often called ethnoastronomy, although there is no consensus as to whether ethnoastronomy is a separate discipline or is a part of archaeoastronomy. Archaeoastronomy is also closely associated with historical astronomy, the use of historical records of heavenly events to answer astronomical problems and the history of astronomy, which uses written records to evaluate past astronomical traditions.
It is most frequently mentioned with astronomical claims regarding Stonehenge or the pyramids of Egypt.
Calendars and Timekeeping :: Astronomy
History :: Astronomy
In the Arts :: Astronomy

Aboriginal Star Knowledge - Native American Astronomy, with a focus on Lakota star knowledge.
Meta Description: [ Native American constellations. Lakota constllations related to Black Hills features, ceremonial observations. Stone medicine wheels -- solar-stellar observatories -- the first (analog) computers. Naked-eye astronomy. Crab nebula supernova. Sun Dagger. Star Stories. Teacher sources for native-c... ]
Alun - Alun Salt's weblog, musing on archaeoastronomy.
Meta Description: [ Articles on the use of astronomy in cultures. ]
An archaeoastronomy sensation from Germany? - Report on the display of the Sky Disc of Nebra from The Cosmic Mirror #236.
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Ancient African Skies - An article on the Borana Calendar by Laurance Doyle of the SETI Institute.
Ancient Astronomy - An interactive atlas of the world links to the archaeoastronomy and multicultural cosmology of ancient times.
Ancient Observatories: Chaco Canyon - The Exploratorium's multimedia website on the site of Chaco Canyon. Includes a webcast from the Winter Solstice 2004.
Ancient Tomb Captured Both Sun and Moon - A unique prehistoric tomb in Ireland has been revealed to align to both the midsummer Sun and the midwinter Moon. BBC article
Meta Description: [ A unique prehistoric tomb in Ireland has been revealed to align to both the midsummer Sun and the midwinter Moon. ]
AR315 Lecture Timetable - Archaeoastronomy Lecture notes and photographs from Leicester University.
Archaeo-astronomical hypotheses on some Ligurian engravings - Study of rupestral engravings in Italy.
Archaeoastronomy - Well developed site featuring articles and photographs on a number of significant sites and their Archaeoastronomy
Meta Description: [ A summary of ancient and historical sites of astronomical interest. ]
Archaeoastronomy - Introduction to Irish megalithic complexes; includes future astronomical sight times.
Meta Description: [ Comprehensive Astronomical analysis of Irish Megalithic
sites. ]
Archaeoastronomy - A comprehensive introduction to archaeoastronomy including a look at various people groups and case studies of sites.
Archaeoastronomy - Dr. Cornelius Holtorf ponders the relationship of Archaeoastronomy to the megaliths of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Archaeoastronomy: An Interview with David Dearborn - Interview with David Dearnorn, a specialist in Peruvian Astronomy.
Meta Description: [ An interview with David Dearborn, on his research at the interface between astronomy and archaeology. ]
Aztec Astronomy and Observation of Nature - Explains how the alignment of some of the temples illustrated the spring solar equinox, the relationship to the stories of the gods, and the calendar systems.
Big Dipper Little Dipper Stone - Photograph of a sandstone artifact from Palo Alto California, and text which argues that marking carved into it are native represenations of the Big Dipper and Little Dipper.
Carving the Cosmos - Astronomical analysis of petroglyphs on sandstone panels, Arizona.
Meta Description: [ Viewzone Magazine offers a look at life and humanity from different angles. Conspiracies, lost history, religion and mysteries as well as humor and facts... we tell it like it is. ]
Center for Archaeoastronomy - Founded in 1978 at the University of Maryland to advance research, education and public awareness of archaeoastronomy.
Meta Description: [ ARCHAEOASTRONOMY - The Official Web Site of the Center for Archaeoastronomy and ISAAC. ]
Chevalier's ASTR 341 Home Page - Course notes for the Archaeoastronomy course at the University of Virginia, USA.
Cosmic link to stone circles - Ancient stone circles and tombs in Ireland align with the Sun and the Moon, say astronomers. BBC Article
Meta Description: [ Ancient stone circles and tombs in Ireland align with the Sun and the Moon, say astronomers. ]
Cultural Astronomy - A multimedia introduction to archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy suitable for K-12 teachers and students. Part of the University of Chicago's Digital Library.
Meta Description: [ A browsable and searchable digital library of materials for K-12 teachers and students. ]
Cursus: solving a 6,000-year-old puzzle - An article from British Archaeology magazine arguing for an astronomical motive for the building of some cursus monuments in prehistoric Britain.
Die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra (The Sky Disc of Nebra) - Largely German description of the Bronze Age artefact umearthed in Saxony-Anhalt, with FAQs in English.
Dioptra - The earliest dioptra (c.300 BCE) was a device for measuring the angle, in parts of a Sign, between two celestial objects. Photos and descriptions of how to make one and how they work.
Encounter with the Moon stone - The BBC's science editor comes face to face with what is claimed to be the oldest map of the Moon ever made.
Meta Description: [ Our science editor comes face to face with what is claimed to be the oldest map of the Moon ever made. ]
Ethnoastronomy of the Lakota - Dr. Mark Hollabaugh presents his ethnographic research of Lakota astronomy.
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German site predates Stonehenge - A possible astronomical observatory has been found near Goseck, eastern Germany. From the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (English Edition).
Germany's Sky Disk seen as key for archaeoastronomy - A description of the Sky Disc of Nebra from The Cosmic Mirror #243
Heavenly Mathematics: Cultural Astronomy - An interdisciplinary course on cultural astronomy. The course has a goal of imparting an understanding of basic astronomical phenomena and an appreciation of their cultural significance throughout the world.
Meta Description: [ An interdisciplinary course on cultural astronomy ]
How the Shaman Stole the Moon - An archaeoastronomy book by William H. Calvin of the University of Washington. The book, which describes a dozen ways of predicting eclipses, can be purchased or downloaded for personal reading at no charge.
Ice Age Star Map Discovered - A controversial discovery of a 16,000-year-old map of the night sky in Lascaux caves. BBC article.
Meta Description: [ The discovery of a 16,000-year-old "map of the night sky" could radically alter our ideas about prehistoric man. ]
Indiana Jones and the Astronomers of Yore - Introduction to basic archaeoastronomical concepts with examples from across the world.
Meta Description: [ The Astronomical Society of the Pacific is an international nonprofit scientific and educational organization founded in 1889 that works to increase understanding and appreciation of astronomy. ]
ISAAC - International Society for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture - Contact details for this international academic society.
Meta Description: [ An introduction to ISAAC: The International Society for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture ]
JC Holbrook's Publications and Web projects - A variety of projects ranging from African Astronomy to Zodiac Mosaics.
Meta Description: [ Arizona Homepage ]
Kitora Kofun - Japan - Referenced article exploring this ancient Japanese kofun (burial mound). Astrological charts have been determined from the star paintings inside the tomb.
Meta Description: [ Kitora Tomb ]
Lakota Ethnoastronomy - Well referenced article by Steven Mizrach upon astronomy as practiced by the Lakota.
Ligustic archaeoastronomy - Ligurian Archaeoastronomy, mainly in Italian but with some English and German translations.
Lithuanian Ethnoastronomy - An online book of the folkore in Lithuania surrounding the sun, moon and stars by Jonas Vaiðkûnas.
Loughcrew Megalithic Cairns - Ireland - An introduction the to astronomical theories surrounding these Irish Neolithic Cairns.
Meta Description: [ Megalithic Cairns are dotted around the hills of Loughcrew in Meath, Ireland. The main concentrations are on
Slieve na Caillaigh where Cairn T is the centrepiece and Cairnbane West where Cairn L is located. ]
Megalithic Sites of Great Britain - Re-evaluation of the existence of the Megalithic Calendar proposed by Alexander Thom.
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Oldest Astronomical Monument Found - Discovery of a 6,500-year-old monument at Nabta, Egypt. BBC article.
Parowan Gap displays yearly spectacle - A news story on a solsticial alignment at a petroglyph site in Utah.
Meta Description: [ , The Casper Star-Tribune is Casper's Community Newspaper and Wyoming?s only Statewide Newspaper. Reaching 71,000 readers daily, the Casper Star-Tribune is a source of Casper and Wyoming news, opinions, sports and entertainment. ]
Pathfinder - Ancient American Calendar - Observe video of light/shadow interplay on 1,000+ year old rock art marking equinox sunrise at a remote, newly discovered Colorado site.
Prehistoric Moon Map Unearthed - The BBC reports that astronomer Dr Philip Stooke has found a map of the moon in an Irish tomb that pre-dates the earliest known one by about 5000 years.
Meta Description: [ An astronomer finds a map of the Moon in an Irish tomb that pre-dates the earliest known one by about 5,000 years. ]
Pyramids Lined Up With The Stars - British Egyptologist puts forward an astronomical theory for the northern alignment of the Great Pyramid at Giza. BBC article.
Meta Description: [ A British Egyptologist thinks she knows how ancient astronomers aligned the Great Pyramid at Giza. ]
Scientific American: Circles for Space - An article on how a German Stonehenge may be the world's oldest observatory.
Meta Description: [ Science and Technology at Scientific American.com: Circles for Space -- [ ARCHAEO-ASTRONOMY ] -- in depth reports on the most exciting areas of science ]
SEAC - Société Européene pour l’Astronomie dans la Culture / European Society for Astronomy in Culture - An interdisciplinary website dedicated to research, education and care of heritage in Astronomy in Culture.
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Selected Bibliographical References on Mesoamerican Archaeoastronomy - Bibliographical companion to a Mayan Archaeoastronomy course run by Tulane University.
Sites in Asuka, Japan - Stone relics and monuments, of unknown age or origin, with possible Solstitial and/or Principle Term alignments. With photos.
Meta Description: [ Astronomy Sites in Asuka ]
Solar Astronomy in the Prehistoric Southwest - A slide show of Anasazi astronomical sites with extensive notes.
Southern Stars: Aboriginal Astronomy - Evidence of highly complex astronomy within Australian Aboriginal society.
Meta Description: [ Learn about the ancient art of Australian Aboriginal Astronomy and their profound knowledge of the southern skies. Learn about Abroiginal beliefs, constellations, Aboriginal ad Australian History plus much more! ]
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Starlore - Homepage of Paul Curnow with information on native astronomies, in particular the astronomy of the Aboriginal people of Australia.
Stone Age Astronomy: Mythical Ireland - New information and research about the astronomy of the Irish Stone Age, plus sections on the movements of the heavenly bodies and links to other sites.
Meta Description: [ New information and research about the astronomy of the Irish Stone Age, plus sections on the movements of the heavenly bodies and links to other sites. ]
Stones of Wonder - A guide the megalithic monuments of Scotland and their astronomical alignments. Also contains illustrations, a bibliography and suggestions for the best times of year to visit.
Meta Description: [ Stones of Wonder is a unique guide to the astronomical alignments built into the ancient standing stones, stone circles and cairns of Scotland. All the sites are illustrated, and the guide includes suggestions for the best times of year to visit. ]
Sun Earth Day 2005 - The NASA site for Sun-Earth day 2005 (March 20). The theme is 'Ancient Observatories, Timeless Knowledge'. Includes webcasts.
Meta Description: [ The Sun-Earth Day theme for 2006 is the total solar eclipse on March 29th. This web site is comprised of a series of educational programs and events that occur throughout the year culminating with a celebration on or near the Spring Equinox. :Code 690.1 ]
The Hanwakan Center for Prehistoric Astronomy, Cosmology and Landscape Studies, Inc. - Homepage of the Hanwakan Center, organized for the gathering of traditions and stories born of mankind's interaction with the physical environment and his understanding of the relationship between earth and sky.
The Shaw Butte Notebook - This site makes extensive use of Quicktime to describe and demonstrate the workings of an Hohokam observatory.
The Sophia Centre - The Centre for the Study of Cultural Astronomy and Astrology at Bath Spa University, UK
Meta Description: [ Bath Spa University: Offers pre-degree study, undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in a wide range of courses and programmes ]
The Sophia Project - A project run by the Sophia Trust to advance the scholarly study of astrology and cultural astronomy in British institutions of higher education.
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Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) Phase IV - Cesare Berrini's hypotheses concerning the relationships between bas-relief carvings on the Gateway of the Sun, the annual solar cycle, and geometric time measurement.
Meta Description: [ Tiwanaku Aymara; Tiahuanaco Quechua. The bas-relief of the Gateway of the Sun and the ideographic representation of the annual solar cycle.
The geometric system of time measurement by pre-Inca civilisation of Tiwanaku IV. The Proportional Clock in Architecture and City-planning. ]
Traditions of the Sun: Chaco Culture National Historical Park - Features a collaborative project between SECEF, Ideum, the NPS, other organizations, and individuals. Contains an overview, photos, a timeline, news, credits, and contact information.
Meta Description: [ Traditions of the Sun: Explore the World's Ancient Observatories. An experiential Web site exploring the cities of the ancient the Maya in Mexico's Yucatan peninsula and Chaco Canyon in northern New Mexico. ]
University of Massachusetts Sunwheel - A project to build a stone circle aligned to the sunrises and sunsets of the solstices and equinoxes, as well as the north pole star, for use by the community as a tool for education and outreach.
Meta Description: [ Sunwheel - A stone circle calendar proposed and constructed under the watchful eye of Dr. Judith Young, Professor of Astronomy at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst ]
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