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The word civilization (or civilisation) has a variety of meanings related to human society. The word "civilization" comes from the Latin word for townsman or citizen, civis, and its adjectival form, civilis. To be "civilized" essentially meant being a townsman, governed by the constitution and legal statutes of that community. Roman civil law was gathered together into a consolidated body of the “Corpus Juris Civilis” in the 6th Century for Emperor Justinian (483-565 CE). Justinian's code was rediscovered and used by law professors at the first University established in Western Europe, at Bologna in the 11th century. From 1388 the word “civil” appeared in English, while “civilization” as a “law which makes a criminal process civil”, appeared in 1704, closely followed in 1722 with “civilization” - meaning the opposite of “barbarity” and coming probably from the French language.

Senses of the word


Literal and technical definitions

By the most minimal, literal definition, a civilization is a complex society. Technically, anthropologists distinguish civilizations in which many of the people live in cities and get their food from agriculture, from band and tribal societies in which people live in small settlements or nomadic groups and subsist by foraging, hunting, or working small horticultural gardens. When used in this sense, civilization is an exclusive term, applied to some human groups and not others.

Broader sense

In a broader sense, civilization often can refer to any distinct society, whether complex and city dwelling, or simple and tribal. This sense is often perceived as less exclusive and ethnocentric, or alternatively less useful and meaningful, than the first. In this sense, civilization is nearly synonymous with culture.

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Doomsday: 2012 Part 2: Lost civilizations, and lost continents-The Mayan's calendar marks the end of every 5126.. http://bit.ly/6ddKgX
Havocarcade (rive0108) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 19:47:35 -0000
Doomsday: 2012 Part 2: Lost civilizations, and lost continents-The Mayan's calendar marks the end of every 5126.. http://bit.ly/6ddKgX
I favorited a YouTube video -- 2012 Doomsday? Lost Civilizations Lost Continents Atlantis Egypt Lemuria... http://bit.ly/5JceZ
BazzleCouture (BAZZLE) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 16:10:01 -0000
I favorited a YouTube video -- 2012 Doomsday? Lost Civilizations Lost Continents Atlantis Egypt Lemuria... http://bit.ly/5JceZ
I favorited a YouTube video -- 2012 Doomsday? Lost Civilizations Lost Continents Atlantis Egypt Lemuria... http://bit.ly/5JceZ
StoneOz (Stone Ozzy) Fri, 18 Dec 2009 20:25:12 -0000
I favorited a YouTube video -- 2012 Doomsday? Lost Civilizations Lost Continents Atlantis Egypt Lemuria... http://bit.ly/5JceZ
Peru is an ancient and magic nation. A country of lost civilizations which continue to fascinate scientists and archaeologists.
adventureperu (AdventurePeru SAC) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 21:00:48 -0000
Peru is an ancient and magic nation. A country of lost civilizations which continue to fascinate scientists and archaeologists.
Compare modern humans to ancient civilizations & you will see how far we as a people have lost ourselves. Push the stop button, & rewind.
14thCentury (14thCentury) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 10:06:45 -0000
Compare modern humans to ancient civilizations & you will see how far we as a people have lost ourselves. Push the stop button, & rewind.
@wendilynnmakeup To see how the Incans made the Nazca Lines.... http://www.lost-civilizations.net/inca-nazca-lines.html
klostrophobik (Chris Dresel) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 02:41:46 -0000
@wendilynnmakeup To see how the Incans made the Nazca Lines.... http://www.lost-civilizations.net/inca-nazca-lines.html

 
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