Gourt > Science > Science in Society > Science and Religion (3)
The relationship between religion and science takes many forms. Generally speaking, religion and science use different methods in their effort to ascertain truth. The scientific method relies on an objective approach to measure, calculate, and describe the natural/physical/material universe. Religious methods are typically more subjective (or intersubjective in community), relying on varying notions of authority, through any combination of: revelation, intuition, belief in the supernatural, individual experience, or a combination of these to understand the universe. Science attempts to answer the "how" and "what" questions of observable and verifiable phenomena; religion attempts to answer the "why" questions of value and morals. However, some science also attempts to explain such "why" questions, and some religious authority also extends to "how" and "what" questions regarding the natural world, creating the potential for conflict.
Historically, science has had a close and complex relationship with religion; religious doctrines and motivations have often been central to scientific development, while scientific knowledge has had profound effects on religious beliefs. A common modern view, described by Stephen Jay Gould as "non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA), is that science and religion deal with fundamentally separate aspects of human experience and so, when each stays within its own domain, they co-exist peacefully.Stephen Jay Gould. Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the fullness of life. Ballantine Books, 1999. Another view known as the conflict thesis—popularized in the 19th century by John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White, but now largely rejected by historians of science—holds that science and religion inevitably compete for authority over the nature of reality, so that religion has been gradually losing a war with science as scientific explanations become more powerful and widespread. However, neither of these views adequately accounts for the variety of interactions between science and religion (both historically and today), ranging from antagonism to separation to close collaboration.Gary Ferngren (editor). Science & Religion: A Historical Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8018-7038-0
The attitudes of religion towards science
Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism and Christianity all developed many centuries before the existence of the scientific method, followed by Islam about a thousand years prior to the modern era; their classical works show an appreciation of the natural world, but express little or no interest in any systematic investigation of it for its own sake. Nevertheless, historians of science owe a debt to practitioners of religion, who in many occasions collected and preserved early scientific texts. Islam, for example, collected scientific texts originating from China to Africa, and from Iberia to India.
Proponents of Hinduism claim that Hinduism is not afraid of scientific explorations, nor of the technological progress of mankind. According to them, there is a comprehensive scope and opportunity for Hinduism to mold itself according to the demands and aspirations of the modern world; it has the ability to align itself with both science and spiritualism. This religion uses some modern examples to explain its ancient theories and reinforce its own beliefs. For example, some Hindu thinkers have used the terminology of quantum physics to explain some basic concepts of Hinduism such as the Maya or the illusory and impermanent nature of our existence.
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Religion belongs to the realm that is inviolable before the law of causation and therefore closed to science.
zwitscherhorst (Horst Zwitscher) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 09:32:35 -0000
Religion belongs to the realm that is inviolable before the law of causation and therefore closed to science.
Religion and Evolution (science) are two very different "Weltanshaung". Each one offers answers to what is... re: http://ff.im/bVwFD
anibalmastobiza (Anibal) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 09:09:48 -0000
Religion and Evolution (science) are two very different "Weltanshaung". Each one offers answers to what is... re: http://ff.im/bVwFD
All right, religion vs science dialogue paper that was due yesterday. I need to watch another Smallville episode, and you're in the way.
lisangines (Lisa Gines) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 07:00:49 -0000
All right, religion vs science dialogue paper that was due yesterday. I need to watch another Smallville episode, and you're in the way.
@aardhu Religion and science need to separated! Science has its own potential to be an independent 'field of knowledge'...
naafix (Ali Naafix) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 06:11:39 -0000
@aardhu Religion and science need to separated! Science has its own potential to be an independent 'field of knowledge'...
Which is more likely Magic real and science wrong, Or religion's fake? http://bit.ly/5gSljb
ThinkAtheist (Think Atheist) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 06:08:13 -0000
Which is more likely Magic real and science wrong, Or religion's fake? http://bit.ly/5gSljb
An open minded analysis on HOMOSEXUALITY! Thru the lenses of religion AND science comes a unique conclusion! http://dennistalks.com/blog
greg249 (Dennis Kevin Gregory) Tue, 24 Nov 2009 04:54:22 -0000
An open minded analysis on HOMOSEXUALITY! Thru the lenses of religion AND science comes a unique conclusion! http://dennistalks.com/blog
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Theology News - A monthly international newspaper published by the John Templeton Foundation, reporting the latest research findings, funding opportunities, and discussions on the relationship between religion, science, and health.
Meta Description: [ Science & Theology News is a monthly international newspaper reporting the latest research findings, funding opportunities, and discussions on the relationship between religion, science, and health ]
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Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences - Promoting the creative mutual interaction between contemporary theology and the natural sciences.
Centre for Religion and the Biosciences - Chester College (UK) based research center directed by Celia Deane-Drummond. Details of public lectures, profiles of staff, and submission information for the journal Ecotheology.
Meta Description: [ University of Chester: Centre for the Religion and the Biosciences ]
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Centre for Science and Religion - University of Leeds based centre offering a programme of public lectures as well as undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
Meta Description: [ Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Leeds. Information for prospective & current students & staff. ]
Centre for Theology, Science and Culture - Outlines of research projects on topics including ecotheology and the relation of Australian spirituality to the arts. Flinders University, South Australia.
Conflicts Between Science and Religion - Overview of several areas of controversy, primarily involving Christian beliefs and Judeo-Christian traditions, from ReligiousTolerance.org.
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Counterbalance Foundation - A non-profit educational organization promoting new views on issues in the science and religion field, such as the evolution/creation controversy and biomedical ethical challenges. Features an extensive collection of articles and streaming media.
Meta Description: [ Counterbalance Foundation is a non-profit educational organization promoting new views on complex issues. ]
Danish Science-Theology Forum - University of Aarhus based organization promoting dialogue between theology and the natural sciences. Listing of events and full-text articles. [English and Danish]
Dimery.com - Articles and book reviews and links, looking at the engagement of science with religion, both historically and in the present. Concentrates primarily on Christianity but includes an article on science and Islam.
Einstein's on Science and Religion - Einstein's writings and philosophy on God, the cosmos, science, and religion.
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Faith and Reason - PBS documentary about the interaction between science and religion, both historically and today. Includes transcripts of interviews with scientists and theologians.
Meta Description: [ 'Faith and Reason' is an one hour documentary about the interaction between science and religion, both historically and today. Through interviews with leading scientists and theologians, the program explores the history of the relationship between these two fields, and reveals that, contrary to w... ]
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Ian Ramsey Centre - Oxford University-based interdisciplinary research centre for the study of religious beliefs in relation to the sciences and medicine. Includes details of forthcoming seminars and workshops, and staff profiles.
Meta Description: [ Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion, Science and religion in Oxford, Science and Religion study in the University of Oxford with seminars, conferences, the OXCSOM project, research and Sophia Europa., Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion ]
Institute on Religion in an Age of Science - Longstanding interfaith group working for a dynamic and positive relationship between religion and science. Includes newsletter, conference abstracts, and details of how to set up a local discussion group.
Meta Description: [ A non-denominational, independent society working for a dynamic and positive relationship between science and religion since 1954. ]
John Templeton Foundation - Funds research to encourage exploration of the moral and spiritual dimensions of the universe and of human potential.
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Meta Reference Library - A collection of topics, definitions, audio and video clips covering the constructive interaction of science, ethics, philosophy, and religion.
Meta Description: [ Counterbalance Foundation is a non-profit educational organization promoting new views on complex issues. ]
Metanexus Institute - Moderated discussion list and newsletter dedicated to promoting the constructive engagement of science and religion.
Meta Description: [ Promoting the constructive engagement of science, religion and the humanities in the communal pursuit of wisdom in order to address humanity’s most profound questions and challenges. ]
National Research Center for Medical Sciences - Department of Science and Religion. Describes research program, workshops, and contact details. In Tehran, Iran.
Random Designer - Book about a new vision for God as Creator, using randomness, chaos and scientific principles.
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Science and Religion - Articles and extracts of books relating to a wide variety of topics within science and religion, including physics, the brain, belief in God, and religious experience.
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Science and Religion Forum - Web forum about science and religion. [Multiple pop-ups]
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Science and... - A catalog of links about science and religion, ethics, culture, politics.
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Teske, John A. - Professor at Elizabethtown College, Pennsylvania. Research interests include science and religion, philosophical psychology, and personality and social psychology. Vita and course syllabi.
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Wordless.com Journal - Wxploration of esoteric paradigms attempting to bridge science and religion, covering society, science, spirituality, philosophy, and poetry.
Young, Matt - Homepage of Professor of Physics at Colorado School of Mines. Includes several articles on how to be religious without believing in God.
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Meta Description: [ Zygon: journal information, contents lists and abstracts on the Blackwell Publishing website. ]
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