Saccharomyces is a genus in the kingdom of fungi that includes many species of yeast, the name Saccharomyces meaning 'sugar yeast'. The inability to utilize nitrate and ability to ferment various carbohydrates are typical characteristics of Saccharomyces. Colonies can grow and mature in 3 days and exhibit a yellow-tan colour. Many members of this genus are considered very important in food production. One example is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is used in making wine, bread, and beer. Other members of this genus include Saccharomyces bayanus, used in making wine, and Saccharomyces boulardii, used in medicine. More recently, Saccharomyces boulardii has been shown to be a sub-species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Brewing yeast are polyploid and belong to the Saccharomyces genera. The brewing strains can be classified into two groups; the ale strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, generally used for ale and stout) and the lager strains Saccharomyces pastorianus also known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis or Saccharomyces uvarum). Lager strains are a hybrid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ale strains) and Saccharomyces bayanus (wine strains) and are often referred to as bottom fermenting. In contrast, ale strains are referred to as top fermenting strains, reflecting their separation characteristics in open square fermenters. Although the two species differ in a number of ways including their response to temperature, sugar transport and utilisation, the Saccharomyces pastorianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae species are closely related within the Saccharomyces genus.

The presence of yeast in beer was first suggested in 1680, although the genus was not named Saccharomyces until 1837. It was not until 1876 that Louis Pasteur demonstrated the involvement of living organisms in fermentation and in 1888, Hansen isolated brewing yeast and propagated leading to the importance of yeast in brewing. The use of microscopes for the study of yeast morphology and purity was crucial to understanding their functionality.

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@kaijuisme Big insurance company? That's scary, for sure.
Mitch_M (Mitch Mitchell) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:54 -0000
@kaijuisme Big insurance company? That's scary, for sure.
I think the fact that they're doing a sketch from a teen's POV is telling of what tonight's show is aimed towards. Not a bad sketch. #SNL
rdank1029 (Ricky) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:53 -0000
I think the fact that they're doing a sketch from a teen's POV is telling of what tonight's show is aimed towards. Not a bad sketch. #SNL
Today's Quote - "There is no such thing as public opinion. There is only published opinion." - Winston Churchill
jcorkrum (Jim Corkrum) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:53 -0000
Today's Quote - "There is no such thing as public opinion. There is only published opinion." - Winston Churchill
My night: Charlotte with Melissa, Dinner at Chili's, and House Vote on Healthcare Passed! All in all, epic.
CameronK93 (Cameron Keener) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:53 -0000
My night: Charlotte with Melissa, Dinner at Chili's, and House Vote on Healthcare Passed! All in all, epic.
@tayhinson lmao right?!? it's so annoying!! some of her jokes are actually..its just her voice! o__O lol..
GTblue (Gregory Monroe II) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:49 -0000
@tayhinson lmao right?!? it's so annoying!! some of her jokes are actually..its just her voice! o__O lol..
@WJTWNews Miller isn't a fucking AMS Meteorologist. Hell, it's like your FOX News or something... shut the fuck up with lies. MAKES ME MAD!
5newsnow (5NewsNow) Sun, 08 Nov 2009 05:03:49 -0000
@WJTWNews Miller isn't a fucking AMS Meteorologist. Hell, it's like your FOX News or something... shut the fuck up with lies. MAKES ME MAD!

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