Time :: Reference
Calendars and Timekeeping :: Astronomy

Library of Congress: What's New in Science Reference

Updated Science Reference Guide: The Nature & Science of Autumn
A guide to selected resources on the nature and science of autumn.
New Science Reference Guide: Migration of the Monarchs
There are two main populations of monarch butterflies in North America; one in the East and one in the West--new evidence shows that these populations may intermix. Every fall, the monarch begins its migration south to an overwintering site. In the spring the monarch leaves its winter roost and heads northward, about half way back, to lay its eggs on milkweed plants. The offspring of this monarch must continue the journey north on its own. In the fall, this new generation will begin the migration cycle south. To learn more about these amazing creatures, this guide lists selected titles, journal articles and Web sites about monarch butterflies, conservation initiatives, and migration projects.
New Science Reference Guide: Space Based Ornithology
This reference guide highlights the literature on using remote sensing to study bird migration. This guide supplemented Dr. James A. Smith's lecture "Space-Based Ornithology: On the Wings of Migration and Biophysics" on September 10, 2008.
Upcoming event: Space-Based Ornithology to be Discussed By NASA Scientist
Dr. James Smith's talk will cover his development of tools that might help to answer questions on how drought, floods and changing climate affect bird migration, and how human alterations to wetland geography may affect migratory patterns. Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2008 11:30 a.m.- 12:30 p.m Mary Pickford Theater, third floor of the Madison Building, Library of Congress 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington, D.C. The event is free and open to the public; tickets are not required. Press contact: Donna Urschel (202) 707-1639 Public contact: Science, Technology and Business Division (202) 707-5664; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (301) 614-6627
New Science Reference Guide: Beer and Brewing
A guide of selected resources on the history and science of beer and brewing from the Library of Congress collections.
New Science Reference Guide: Aeronautics- A Selected Bibliography
A guide to books used in preparing Aeronautical and Astronautical Resources of the Library of Congress: A Comprehensive Guide. This guide was compiled to accompany a talk by Tom Crouch, senior curator of the Division of Aeronautics at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, on October 24, 2007, at the Library of Congress. His talk, "Aeronautics at the Library of Congress: Forty Years of One User's Expertise." celebrated the publication of a Library of Congress book, Aeronautical and Astronautical Resources of the Library of Congress: A Comprehensive Guide.

 

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International Standard Date and Time Notation - by Markus Kuhn - An introduction to ISO 8601, the YYYY-MM-DD date and the 24-hour time notation, with notes on week numbers and on implementation.
Meta Description: [ International Standard ISO 8601 specifies numeric representations of date and time. It helps to avoid confusion caused by the many different national notations. ]

Time: Clocks - ISO Week Number (Program Code) - Here's some code that generates the weeknumber for a given date in accordance with ISO standard 8601:1988 (European Standard EN 28601).
Meta Description: [ Here's some code that generates the weeknumber for a given date in accordance with ISO standard 8601:1988 (European Standard EN 28601)...... ]

54 Weeks in 2000 : Another Y2K Problem! - A short discussion about week numbering, showing how the ISO 8601 standard had fixed a Y2K problem, long before it was noticed in other non-ISO week-numbering schemes.

A: Date formats - Discussion of date formats for internationalisation.
Meta Description: [ W3C I18N FAQ: How do I prepare my web pages to display varying international date formats? ]

Calculating the ISO week number - by Jan Stout. - WeekNumber Calculation Explanation.

Changing Your Operating System's Default Date Format - Changing your operating system's default date format to use four-digit years - University of California at Berkeley.
Meta Description: [ How to change the default date formats for various microcomputer operating systems, and the implications of doing so. ]

Date and Time Notation - Macintosh Procedure for ISO 8601 Format - Setting up your Mac to use the Year-Month-Day date format. Instructions are for MAC OS 7, but are easily adapted for later versions.

Date and Time Notation - Windows Procedure for ISO 8601 Format - Setting up your PC to use the Year-Month-Day date format. Instructions are for Windows 95, but are easily adapted for later versions.

Date and Time on the Internet - A proposal to use the ISO date format for Internet applications - by Chris Newman.

Date and Time on the Internet - Timestamps - Document: draft-ietf-impp-datetime-05 - An updated proposal to use a limited subset of ISO-compliant date formats for date stamps on the Internet - by Chris Newman.

Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps - RFC 3339 defines a date and time format for use in Internet protocols that is a profile of the ISO 8601 standard for representation of dates and times using the Gregorian calendar - by Graham Klyne and Chris Newman [FTP].

Date and Time: Week Numbers - Windows date and time locale tables sorted both by country order and by definition order - by Peter J Haas in Germany.
Meta Description: [ Date and Time - Week Numbers ]

Dated Material - Is the Y2K Problem Really Over? - Discussion about the use and misuse of various date formats - Intelligent Enterprise Magazine - Celko.

Discussion About the ISO 8601 Standard - About 200 people worldwide, who already use and promote the ISO 8601 Year-Month-Day date format have formed this discussion group. Go here for help and advice, or for general discussion. Message archive can be browsed. If you wish to join in, there are options to participate via the Web-based front-end, or subscribe via email.
Meta Description: [ ISO8601: To bring the International Date and Time Format to the attention of the Internet world and beyond. ]

Implementation of the ISO 8601 Standard - A list of countries around the world that have adopted the ISO 8601 standard, also lists equivalent national standards numbers where applicable.
Meta Description: [ The Year-Month-Day date format is defined in International Standard ISO 8601, and many various equivalent National Standards around the world. This documents lists those standards. ]

Info on ISO 8601, the date and time representation standard - A short description of and motivation for ISO 8601, the date and time representation standard, with links to more detailed resources - by Jukka Korpela in Finland.
Meta Description: [ A short description of and motivation for ISO 8601, the date and time representation standard, with links to more detailed resources. ]

International Date Format Campaign - Describes and lists many reasons why the ISO 8601 standard should be more widely adopted in Computing, on the Internet, and in everyday life - by Steve Adams in England.

ISO 8601 - A short introduction to the ISO 8601 format.

ISO 8601 - The Right Solution - The wonderful thing about the computer industry, it is said, If you like standards, there are a lot to choose from. Provides useful information and background about date format issues.

ISO 8601 Date and Time - Converting and Implementing - How to implement the use of the Year-Month-Day Date format in various computer systems - includes some programming examples and the 'Date Format Poll' - by Nikolai Sandved in Norway.
Meta Description: [ ProbabilityOf.com ISO 8601 page - Converting and Implementing ]

ISO 8601 Date/Time Representations - A simple introduction to ISO 8601 date and time formats - University of Wellington in New Zealand.

ISO 8601: the Right Format for Dates - A short description, and guide to usage, of the ISO 8601 format, with some links to further resources.

ISO Week Algorithm - An algorithm for converting Gregorian Calendar Dates to the ISO 8601 Week Date format (Y2K Compliant).

Issues about Date and Time - by Clive D.W. Feather.

New Date - A private site about the advantages of using ISO 8601-style dates.

Problem F - Standard Dates (50 Points) - A problem set for computer studies students involving programming using the ISO 8601 date format.

Schema Time Changes (Draft) - Useful information about date and time - by M. Davis.

Standards for Representing Dates - Useful overview and discussion on adopting ISO standards and four-digit year formats as part of Y2K readiness and future-proofing of software - University of California at Berkeley.
Meta Description: [ Two standards for representing dates with four-digit years: mm/dd/yyyy and yyyy-mm-dd (ISO 8601). ]

Standards to be obeyed by the masses: Representing temporal and monetary data on the web - [Text/PDF: 50KB] - A well researched paper into the usage of various Date and Time, and Monetary, formats on the Internet which recommends the widespread adoption of ISO 3166, ISO 4217, and ISO 8601 - by Gerhard Knolmayer.

The Best Of Dates, The Worst Of Dates - Just because Y2K is over, doesn't mean programmers are done creating date bugs - covers many date and time issues, especially ISO 8601 - by Gilbert Healton.
Meta Description: [ The Best of Dates, The Worst Of Dates ]

The Code Project: C# Programming - Free source code and tutorial for a Gregorian Date To ISO Date Converter for Windows.
Meta Description: [ An article on converting Gregorian calendar date to ISO 8601 calendar date ]

The ISO Date Format - Discussion of formats for expressing dates, with particular reference to the ISO 8601 date format - by Peter Meyer.
Meta Description: [ Discussion of formats for expressing dates, with particular reference to the ISO 8601 date format. ]

The ISO Week Date Calendar - A calendar of weeks based on the ISO 8601 week notation - convert any date into week number and day number.
Meta Description: [ A calendar of weeks based on ISO 8601 week notation ]

The Many Dates and Times of Perl - A tour of the many date and time handling modules on the CPAN - by Dave Rolsky.
Meta Description: [ There are a huge number of date and time handling modules on the CPAN; how do you know which ones are any good? Dave Rolsky, one of the men behind the datetime mailing list takes you on a tour. ]

The Mathematics of the ISO 8601 Calendar - A comprehensive document covering how week numbers are calculated using the ISO 8601 calendar system. Includes links to many further resources.

The Y2K Problem, UIC, and You - Describes Year 2000 fixes for computer systems, mainly based on using the ISO 8601 standard for dates.

UN/ECE Trade Facilitation Recommendation 07 - The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - Working Party on Facilitation of International Trade Procedures - Recommendation 07 - Numerical Representation of Dates, Time and Periods of Time.

Use International Date Format - How and why to use international date format in your document - from the W3C QA section.
Meta Description: [ W3C QA - How and why to use international date format in your document. ]

Using ISO 8601 Dates - ISO 8601 Dates: What they are and why they're good - University of Illinois at Chicago in the USA.

Various Date and Time Format Miscellany - by J R Stockton - Covers written date and time formats, ISO Standard 8601 (with links) and converting to and from Roman Numbers. Discusses reforming American format dates as well as JavaScript and non-text formats.
Meta Description: [ Date Formats ]

W3C Date and Time Formats - Defines a profile of ISO 8601 referenced by the W3C HTML recommendation.

Week Numbers In Excel - How to calculate absolute week numbers, Excel week numbers and ISO week numbers (with Formula and VBA). Links to other ISO 8601 related materials.
Meta Description: [ Working with Week Numbers In Microsoft Excel97 and 2000. Includes both worksheet formulas and VBA code procedures. ]

500 Writing for an International Readership - How to write web sites that can be understood world wide - including ways to make dates unambiguous to all readers.

404 Year 2000 Readiness - Research Resources - International Date Standard - K-State Year 2000 Research Resources - Indepth: International date notation standards.