Gourt > Science > Physics > Software (1)
Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Software :: Computers
Software :: Science
Microsoft Recruits Student Bloggers With Free Software And Trips To Conferences http://bit.ly/723uBt
talla4 (Ernesto hane) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:25 -0000
Microsoft Recruits Student Bloggers With Free Software And Trips To Conferences http://bit.ly/723uBt
Major US Retailers Get Named In Open Source Software Freedom Law Center Lawsuit http://bit.ly/6DBMyh
doug442 (Doug Goff) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:25 -0000
Major US Retailers Get Named In Open Source Software Freedom Law Center Lawsuit http://bit.ly/6DBMyh
Microsoft's child abuse identification software http://www.thehermesproject.com/2009/12/microsofts-child-abuse-identification.html
hermesproject (The Hermes Project) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:16 -0000
Microsoft's child abuse identification software http://www.thehermesproject.com/2009/12/microsofts-child-abuse-identification.html
High profit affiliate opportunity pays monthly residuals 4 AMAZING revolutionary online marketing software system http://bit.ly/61Rkxu
affiliatepick (Ruth Kuttler) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:15 -0000
High profit affiliate opportunity pays monthly residuals 4 AMAZING revolutionary online marketing software system http://bit.ly/61Rkxu
New #job: Software Dev Engineer, Forecasting & Purchasing Systems #jobs #tech http://bit.ly/Uoa9s
SeattleJobTech (Seattle Tech Jobs) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:13 -0000
New #job: Software Dev Engineer, Forecasting & Purchasing Systems #jobs #tech http://bit.ly/Uoa9s
RT @idcardsupply: "HID Global ID Card Software from Al-Cor ID Systems a leading ID Card Wholesaler" ( http://bit.ly/6OSpg5 )
AZidsupply (Al-Cor ID ) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 13:09:12 -0000
RT @idcardsupply: "HID Global ID Card Software from Al-Cor ID Systems a leading ID Card Wholesaler" ( http://bit.ly/6OSpg5 )
CGG Chaos Gravitation Graphic - A physical simulation of a chaos system, influenced by gravity.
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Computer Physics Communications Program Library - Library containing over 1800 refereed programs in computational physics and physical chemistry which are described in the journal Computer Physics Communications published by Elsevier Science.
Meta Description: [ CPC Program Library containing over 1800 refereed programs in computational physics and physical chemistry which are described in the journal Computer Physics Communications published by Elsevier Science. ]
CPC Program Library - Contains over 1800 refereed programs in computational physics and physical chemistry which are described in the journal Computer Physics Communications published by Elsevier Science.
Meta Description: [ CPC Program Library containing over 1800 refereed programs in computational physics and physical chemistry which are described in the journal Computer Physics Communications published by Elsevier Science. ]
Criss Software - Scientific applications software development and support, for applied math, physics, and XRF analysis.
Meta Description: [ We develop physical-mathematical models, computational methods,
and scientific applications software, with specialization in x-ray physics
applications. ]
Critical Mass Labs - Critical Mass Labs real-time advanced physics technology - stable and accurate physics software that can help you achieve more realistic prototyping and other simulations with a shorter development cycle. Our libraries can calculate rigid-body dynamics, collision detection, spring recreations and multiple-node joints
EPICS Home (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) - EPICS is a set of software tools and applications used worldwide to develop distributed control systems for scientific instruments such as a particle accelerators, telescopes and other large scientific experiments.
Meta Description: [ EPICS - Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System ]
Feynman Diagram Drawing Program: FeynDraw - FeynDraw Windows program is used to quickly draw, scale, print, and save as images, Feynman, qed, qcd, twistor, string, or other particle physics diagrams and can be downloaded free for trial use.
Meta Description: [ FeynDraw Windows program is used to quickly draw, scale, print, and save as images, Feynman, qed, qcd, twistor, string, or other particle physics diagrams and can be downloaded free for trial use. ]
General Particle Tracer - 3D particle tracer designed to simulate the movement of charged particles in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. The code is widely used for accelerator, beamline and FEL design.
Meta Description: [ The General Particle Tracer is a 3D particle tracer designed to simulate the movement of charged particles in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. The code is widely used for accelerator, beamline and FEL design. ]
Gravitator - It's a 3D realtime interactive gravity simulator, designed to simulate thousands of bodies (e.g stars, asteroids etc.).
Ionization Energy Loss - Calculate the energy loss of a charged particle by ionization (specific or integral) as it passes through many kinds of matter.
MaterialWorlds Simulations - Play and experiment with a growing range of virtual reality physics simulations - from a game of snooker through to the Solar System.
Meta Description: [ MaterialWorlds interactive real-time simulations enact the realistic behaviour of physical systems - from snooker to the dynamics of the solar system - virtual reality games, physics simulation games, science projects and science experiments. ]
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MR Pulse Sequence Diagrammer - Matlab toolbox for creating Pulse Sequence Diagrams.
ORIP XXI Program Complex (Software Suite) FREEWARE - ORIP XXI software suite (FREEWARE) is intended for studying of isotope transmutation chains under a neutron irradiation in a reactor. The present version of the programs uses data on more than 3000 nuclides (approximately 3700 ground and metastable states).
Phonon Software - Calculates the phonon dispersion relations and phonon density of states for any crystal from force constants, or from Hellmann-Feynman forces supplied by an ab initio program.
Meta Description: [ PC software for calculating lattice dynamics of crystals ]
Physics Related Software Manuals/Links - Manuals/Links on the Nuclear Physics programs and general-use software (programming languages, algebra programs etc.)
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Physics Simulation Page - A lot of physics simulation programs, sources of knowledge and animations generated by Maciej Matyka (maq/floppy).
Meta Description: [ Physics Simulations. Contains: animations,
free software, papers, articles and even source codes related to physically based modeling. ]
Physics Software Links - Links to reviewed physics software and programs.
RadWare - RadWare is a software package for interactive graphical analysis of gamma-ray coincidence data.
SnagLab - A Matlab toolbox for data simulation and analysis of signal and noises for gravitational antennae, developed at the Department of Physics of the La Sapienza university (Rome - Italy). It can be downloaded. The program is a support for the teaching of the Laboratory courses.
Spektrus - The program displays graphically the emission spectra of elements from 1 to 99, in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet ranges. Freeware.
Meta Description: [ Homepage of Spektrus, freeware computerized explorer of line spectra (available for download here). ]
The Matrix - Free programs and references on mathematical physics and applied mathematics.
Warp - Special relativity simulator, including doppler shifting, lorentz transforms, optical aberration, and the headlight effect.
Wolfram Research - The producers of Mathematica, one of the common software packages for advanced mathematics.
Meta Description: [ Wolfram Research, makers of Mathematica, the only fully integrated technical computing software ]
XPS Databases and Spectral Data Processing Software - Supplies databases of XPS spectra, spectra handbooks on CD-ROM, and software for processing AES or XPS data.
Meta Description: [ XI sells XPS-AES Spectral Data Processors, Spectra Libraries, Data-Bases, Handbooks, PDF Books, Charts and Training Movies. ]
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