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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Languages :: Programming
Unix :: Operating Systems
TeX :: Typesetting
Software :: Math
Computational :: Physics
Software :: Physics
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Cleared_Jobs_IN (ClearanceJobs.com IN) Wed, 06 Jan 2010 05:24:12 -0000
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RT @googlenexusone: What's so cool about Nexus One? Read an overview of all the cool new software and hardware features here: http://bit ...
Cool_Dany (Daniel Mangalraj.A) Wed, 06 Jan 2010 05:24:08 -0000
RT @googlenexusone: What's so cool about Nexus One? Read an overview of all the cool new software and hardware features here: http://bit ...
RT @mikefilsaime new twitter software is pretty cool Check out TweetGlide now - it's free! http://tweetglide.com/MALACHI_13
MALACHI_13 (MALACHI_13) Wed, 06 Jan 2010 05:24:07 -0000
RT @mikefilsaime new twitter software is pretty cool Check out TweetGlide now - it's free! http://tweetglide.com/MALACHI_13
http://tinyurl.com/5qrd5 Main Page - FreeMind - free mind mapping software
bunny_car (bunny_car) Wed, 06 Jan 2010 05:24:06 -0000
http://tinyurl.com/5qrd5 Main Page - FreeMind - free mind mapping software
US software firm sues China for $2.2B http://bit.ly/7dzk5f
inquirerdotnet (Inquirer Group) Wed, 06 Jan 2010 05:24:01 -0000
US software firm sues China for $2.2B http://bit.ly/7dzk5f
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AcerMC Monte Carlo Generator - The AcerMC Monte-Carlo event generator is dedicated for generation of the Standard Model background processes in pp collisions at the LHC.
Meta Description: [ A Monte-Carlo event generator dedicated for generation of the Standard Model background processes in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. ]
CERN Computing Documentation - Provides CERNLIB documentation. Also provides tutorials, FAQs, newsletters and reference cards for a wide range of software.
cfortran.h - Interfacing C/C++ and FORTRAN - cfortran.h is a single header file that allows you to easily use fortran code in c and c++. Very useful for using HBOOK and other CERNLIB code in new c++ applications.
Elementary Particles Simulation - Elementary Particles Simulation using Java Technology.An application made for educational purposes.
Meta Description: [ Enter brief description here. ]
Fermitools - The Fermilab Software Tools Program (Fermitools) aims to provide useful tools to the community. A wide range of tools are available, and all are free.
FeynArts - Mathematica package for generation and visualization of Feynman diagrams and amplitudes.
Meta Description: [ The FeynArts Homepage ]
FeynCalc - Mathematica package for algebraic calculations in elementary particle physics, focusing on Feynman diagram calculations.
Meta Description: [ The FeynCalc home page, entry point to
information about FeynCalc and related programs for High Energy Physics ]
FeynDiagram.com - Free C++ library for drawing Feynman diagrams. The output is in PostScript, which can be used in TeX or printed directly.
Meta Description: [ Official website for FeynDiagram. FeynDiagram is a C++ library for outputting Feynman diagrams in PostScript. ]
FeynFig - FeynFig is a program to generate feynman diagrams in xfig format.
Feynmf - Drawing Feynman diagrams with LaTeX and Metafont.
FLUKA (Fluktuierende Kaskade) - A stand-alone particle physics Monte-Carlo simulation package. It is being used as a simulation tool in a number of experiments.
Meta Description: [ Fluka, transport of particles and nuclei in matter, physics simulation ]
FreeHEP - Software and information about software which is useful in high energy physics and related fields.
Hanna - A C-based Analysis Tool for the HERMES experiment at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg, Germany.
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HEPpc - Linux resources for high energy physics, includes low traffic mailing list.
HERWIG - A Monte Carlo package for simulating hadron emission reactions with interfering gluons. Also contains a list of some competitor generators.
JaxoDraw - A Java program for the interactive drawing of Feynman diagrams
Monte Carlo Number Scheme - MC particle numbering convention, endorsed by the Particle Data Group.
Pandora - A physics event generator for linear collider studies. It includes beamstrahlung, initial state radiation, hadronization, and full treatment of polarization effects.
Phi (Phenomenology of Hadronic Interactions) - Extension of the Mathematica packages, FeynCalc and FeynArts.
Povama - Persint OpenGL Visualization for ATLAS Muon Analysis. Software used to visualize the reconstruction of muon traces.
PYTHIA (and JETSET) - An event generator for a large number of physics processes. The site contains the latest source, the official manual and a short write-up describing PYTHIA's status with respect to the physics.
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Software and Tools - List at HEPIC.
StdHep - Provides a common output format for Monte Carlo events so that event generators and other simulators can easily be compared. It also provides a set of routines which convert Herwig, Jetset, Isajet, or QQ events to and from the standard HEP event format.
Texsis - TeX Macros for Physicists - This package provides a number of useful features for typesetting research papers. It is an extension to Plain Tex.
The CalcHEP and CompHEP Projects - Two Tools designed to calculate cross sections in high energy physics.
The ROOT System - An object oriented framework for large scale data analysis. ROOT is a C++ replacement of the popular PAW program developed at CERN.
Meta Description: [ ROOT - An Object Oriented Framework For Large Scale Data Analysis. ]
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