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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Optics :: Industrial Goods and Services
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Software-General Discussion: Windows FTP Client http://forum.techgle.com/showthread.php?t=428250
techglesoftware (Software Zone) Mon, 21 Dec 2009 05:42:15 -0000
Software-General Discussion: Windows FTP Client http://forum.techgle.com/showthread.php?t=428250
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Bedfordshire_Wk (Bedfordshire_Wk) Mon, 21 Dec 2009 05:41:12 -0000
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ABCD Laser Beam Propagation Software - A Macintosh-based program for propagating Gaussian laser beams through various optical elements or calculating eigenmodes of simple resonators.
Barnard Microsystems - Develops microwave and optotelectronic device and circuit design software.
Meta Description: [ Barnard Microsystems develop microwave and optotelectronic device and circuit design software. We also design microwave PCBs, MMICs and optoelectronic transceivers on a contract basis. ]
Beamseeker - Gaussian laser beam trace spreadsheet software program using Microsoft Excel.
Bentec Multiplexed Hyperaspheric Optical Surfaces - Provides free download optical software (aspheric/hyperaspheric), designs and manufactures aspheric polymer optics. Non-spherical wavefront transformation lenses are designed to specification.
Breault Research Organization, Inc. - Software and consulting services for the development and analysis of optical systems.
Meta Description: [ Breault Research Organization - Optical Design and Analysis Software, Optical Engineering Services and Software Training ]
C2V - Software for simulation and design of integrated optics components. Offers full-vectorial (bend) mode solvers, beam propagation software, waveguide mask design software , thermo-optic and stress-induced birefringence simulations.
Computational Optics Group (COG) - Software for computational optics and computational electromagnetics. Offers MaX-1, a general Maxwell solver, MMP is a Multiple Multipole Program, GMT solves for electrodynamic fields. Includes evolutionary optimization, genetic algorithms and evolutionary strategies
Meta Description: [ computational optics, max-1, ggp, mmp, optimization, electromagnetics, genetic programming ]
Curve fitting software - Focus is a curve fitting software for the Windows operating system that has been developed to facilitate spectroscopic modelling and data exchange
Diffraction International - DURANGO interferometry software for data acquisition, analysis, evaluation and simulation. Support of many interferometer hardware.
Diffractive Optics Design - This site presents a new powerful and versatile softaware for diffractive optics design.
Meta Description: [ diffractive,diffractif,diffractifs,optics,optique,optiques,elements,elements,optical,biophotonique,biophotonics,laser,beam,shaping,computer,generated,holograms,doe,DOE,CGH,cgh,digital,DECAD,decad,olivier,magnin,apzo, diffractive optics ]
Femtosoft Technologies - Sells retrieval software for the measurement of femtosecond laser pulses using Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG).
Meta Description: [ Selling FROG software for the characterization of the intensity and phase of femtosecond laser pulses. ]
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FreeBPM - A free software for designing and simulating integrated optical elements using 2D beam propagation methods.
FTG Software Associates - Software for optical thin film coating and spectrophotometer data acquisition
Meta Description: [ FilmStar optical thin film software is used to design, monitor and measure optical coatings. Scantraq controls and acquires data from Perkin-Elmer, Varian Cary and Agilent (HP) spectrophotometers. ]
Grating Solver Development Company - GSOLVER is a tool for analysis of gratings with arbitrary groove profile based on full vector diffraction. Antenna Solver is a rigorous antenna analysis program
Meta Description: [ GSolver is a rigorous diffraction grating efficiency calculation tool ]
Hesotar - Virtual Nonlinear Optics Workbook. The software enables students and scientists to perform numerical experiments in nonlinear optics. A free demo is provided.
Meta Description: [ Presenting Virtual Nonlinear Optics Workbook (vNOW). The software enables students and scientists to perform numerical experiments in nonlinear optics. A free demo is provided. ]
HOLOOR - Offers DOE-CAD, a software for design, masks generation and performance modeling of diffractive optical elements. The company also provides beam shapers and focusers, F-Theta lenses and lenslet arrays.
Meta Description: [ Diffractive and micro-optics is a key technology for the new generation of optical systems for Medical Lasers, Instrumentation, Laser Optics, Material Processing, sensors, etc., diffractive optics ]
IME Software - Provides physics educational software: RAYTRACE, for teaching geometrical optics, GASSIM is a molecular simulation program, ELF is an electric field and equipotential plotter.
International Intellectual Group, Inc. - PC Grate is a software for calculations of diffraction efficiency of different types of relief gratings on PCs.
Meta Description: [ International Intellectual Group, Inc. (I.I.G., Inc.) is a small private company which was established in 1996 by specialists from the USA and Russia for development and distribution of new scientific software with applications in optics, physics, discrete mathematics and computer science. ]
Lambda Research Corporation - Their products include the TracePro software for illumination analysis featuring tutorials on using a light pipe and the OSLO optical lens design software.
Meta Description: [ Lambda Research's products include the award-winning TracePro ® software for illumination analysis with tutorials on using a light pipe and the world-class OSLO ® optical design and lens design software. ]
LAS-CAD GmbH - Laser cavity design and analysis code LASCAD, including FEA and DPSSL analysis.
Light Scattering Analysis - Software for analysis of scattering of particles by plane waves and laser beams. A demo version is available.
Light Tec - Distributor of software for optical design, illumination, straylight, integrated optics and color measurements.
Meta Description: [ Welcome at Light Tec, European Distributor of Optical Design Software and Measurements System : telecommunication design, optical system design, video photometer, color measurements... ]
Lighting Technologies - Provides software for photometric analysis and lighting design of non-imaging optical systems. Products are Photopia and Lumen Micro.
MIT Photonic-Bands - Software for computing optical band structures (dispersion relations) in periodic dielectric structures and photonic crystals (free, C source).
MS Macrosystem - Offers 3-dimensional visualization software for laser beam topography, optical interferometry, and atomic force microscopy.
Meta Description: [ Computer graphics for 3D and 4D, SPM, STM, AFM, GIS DEM, 3D view, Forensic image, 3D ActiveX, VB, VC++, 3D Laser Beam Profiler, volume visualization, MRI image stack ]
OpTaliX - Comprehensive optical design and thin film analysis software. Supports 3d surface tilts, aspheres, gratings, gradient index, spline deformation, optimization, diffraction analysis, coatings.
Meta Description: [ OpTaliX: Optical design and thin film software ]
Optical Data Solutions, Inc. - Offers LensVIEW, a CD-ROM database of lens design examples found in the optical design literature, mainly from patents. Includes more than 30000 individual designs.
Optical design software - ATMOS the Amateur Telescope Maker Optical design and analisys Software is a program for designing and analizing about thirty telescope configurations . Atmos is easy to use and came at a very affordable price.
Optical Research Associates - Optical design and illumination software. Also pages educating about optics.
Meta Description: [ Optical Research Associates (ORA) offers optical design and illumination software (CODE V, LightTools) and engineering services. ]
Optical Systems Design, Inc. - Information and download of SYNOPSYS lens design program (SYNthesis of OPtical SYStems) evaluation copy.
Optics Lab - Optical raytracing software for optical design and analysis.
Optics Lab Optical Ray Tracing Software - Program helps use evaluate optical systems for performance standards. Page includes list of specifications, free demo and pricing information.
Optikwerk - Design and simulation software of optics and complex laser systems. Offered packages are OPTIKWERKS and LASERWERKS.
Meta Description: [ Optikwerk software description ]
Optima-Research - Supplies equipment and software for scientists and engineers. Also provides training in computer-based optical design and modelling.
Meta Description: [ Optima Research is the European distributor of the ZEMAX optical system design software. We sell and support ZEMAX for all customers in Europe. ]
OPTIS - Optical design and analysis software. CAD software for light simulation. Products are SPEOS, SOLSTIS, OPTICALC and LIGHT.
Meta Description: [ Optical and design software - CAD software for light simulation ]
Optiwave - Software for integrated and fiber optics.
Meta Description: [ Optiwave systems develops computer aided design software for various industries such as fiber optics, photonics, fiber optic components, photonic band gap, etc. Our photonic design simulation software is used by engineers worldwide to create a variety of photonic devices such as planar lightwave ... ]
OXALIS-LASER - 3D coherent beam propagation and Gaussian beam propagation software along optical systems and laser cavities, including diffraction, gain saturation, thermal lensing and others physical effects. Products are SimCa and COMMOD.
Meta Description: [ Optics,Laser and Electro-optics consulting. We are the developpers of SimCa and COMMOD: laser cavity simulation software including diffraction, gain saturation, thermal lensing and others physical effects ]
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Photodigm Inc. - WAVEGUIDE, Optical slab waveguide modeling software.
Photon Design - Software tools for integrated optics, fibre optics, diode laser, TWA and diffractive optics modelling. Products include FIMMWAVE, FIMMPROP-3D and CLADISS-2D.
Photon Engineering - Optical engineering and optics-related software development such as FRED (optical engineering software package).
Meta Description: [ Photon Engineering Home Page, Photon sells FRED the premier proven optical engineering software and provides optical, illumination and lens design consulting services and training. ]
Radiant Imaging - Software and services for illumination calculations. Comprehensive radiant source model library. Product descriptions for ProSource, ProMetric and ZELUM.
Sarkomand Software - Optical simulation, particle beams, and other scientific software (Macintosh).
Meta Description: [ Scientific software for Windows and Macintosh operating systems, including powerful and easy to use software for optics simulation, modeling of particle beams, and data visualization. ]
ScatLab - ScatLab is a software developed to perform electromagnetic scattering simulations mainly based on classical Mie theory solution.
Meta Description: [ ScatLab is a light scattering software developed to perform electromagnetic scattering simulations mainly based on classical Mie theory solution. ]
Schneider Optics - GAUSSOPT-ik, Software for analysis of first order imaging properties of lenses.
Scientific Computing International SCI - Software for optical thin film design, characterization and metrology systems. Current products include: Film Wizard, Film Spectrum and Film Ellipse.
Meta Description: [ Scientific Computing International (SCI) provides high resolution thin film metrology tools and analysis software products to leading companies in the semiconductor, optoelectronics, display, MEMS, data storage, and optical coating industries. SCI also provides software for optical thin film des... ]
SCIOPT Enterprises - Software for Optical, Laser, and Integrated Optical system design. Products are PARAXIA, SIGRAPH-OPTIK, OPTEC.
Meta Description: [ Software for Optical, Laser, and Integrated Optical system design, and Optical Instruments and components representatives ]
SciSoft - Programs for investigations of single particle light scattering on base of the Mie theory and light scattering in dispersive media with high concentration of particles.
Meta Description: [ Programs for investigations of single particle light scattering on base of the Mie theory and for investigations of light scattering in dispersive media with high concentration of particles. ]
Semiconsoft - Thin Film Optical Metrology Software (Ellipsometry, Reflectance, Transmittance) for RD and production. The main product is TFCompanion, a software application for thin film analysis and metrology. Includes analytical tools for interpretation of measurement data. Available for all operating systems with JVM support (Windows, Apple, Unix).
Sinclair Optics, Inc. - OSLO optical design software. Free evaluation level OSLO LT available.
Meta Description: [ Sinclair Optics develops optical design software named OSLO. ]
Sky Scientific Optical Design and Astronomy - Offers optical design software for engineering professionals, students and educators. Products for astronomy and astrophotography.
Meta Description: [ Optical Design Software: dbOptic software for optical engineers, students and educators ]
Software Spectra - Software for designing and manufacturing optical multi-layer thin film coatings. Its primary product is TFCalc.
Meta Description: [ Software for designing and analyzing multilayer optical thin film coatings ]
Stellar Software. - Beam III, IV, optical raytracer for use by students and optical engineers. Windows and Mac versions available.
TEC++ - Optical design and analysis software VOB by METEC with optimization.
Meta Description: [ Automatische Polarimeter und Digital-Refraktometer (Tischmodelle) mit Peltier-Thermostatisierung, LIMS, GLP, GMP, 21 CFR Part 11 konform, von Rudolph Research Analytical sowie Digital-Handrefraktometer ]
Thin Film Center, Inc. - Offers optical thin film design and analysis software and product descriptions for Essential Macleod. Training services and consulting for the coating industry.
Meta Description: [ THIN FILM CENTER THIN FILM DESIGN SOFTWARE, COURSES and CONSULTING ]
Unigit - a rigorous diffraction software - Vector optical diffraction solver for 2D and 3D patterned multilayer stacks and gratings based on the MMFE and the Rayleigh-Fourier Method.
Meta Description: [ UNIGIT is a rigorous full vector analysis software for 2D and 3D multilayer diffraction gratings. ]
Universitat de Barcelona - The Optical Charactersisation Group offers software tools for the optical characterisation of thin film materials and multilayer stacks based on spectrophotometric and ellipsometric measurements.
WaveSim - Software for simulation and analysis of laser beam propagation such as FRESNEL.
Meta Description: [ FRESNEL - software for simulation of laser beam propagation through various optical schems ]
WinLase - Software for laser resonator design and gaussian beam propagation (MS-Win, demo available).
Meta Description: [ WinLase is a Windows-based optics program for the design of laser resonators and the simulation of gaussian beam propagation in complex optical systems. On the WinLase pages you will find information about the WinLase laser design software and its worldwide distributors. You may also download a ... ]
Zemax - Offers optical engineering software and product descriptions for ZEMAX, OptiCAD, ZELUM, and LensVIEW.
Meta Description: [ ZEMAX is powerful, accurate and affordable software for all aspects of optical system design ]
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