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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Companies :: Numerical Analysis
Software :: Math
Software Aplikasi Sony Ericcson: Kebingungan cari judul postingan, saya posting kembali tentang aplikasi pengol.. http://bit.ly/5dT8De
mintuha (mintuha) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:43:03 -0000
Software Aplikasi Sony Ericcson: Kebingungan cari judul postingan, saya posting kembali tentang aplikasi pengol.. http://bit.ly/5dT8De
why does it seem like every time you buy new recording equipment, they forget to include the required software??
malkinman (Mike Malkin) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:43:02 -0000
why does it seem like every time you buy new recording equipment, they forget to include the required software??
Will Registry Cleaner Software Speed Up My Computer?: If it seems like you're always waiting for your PC to boot up or process your comma..
pieblog (Pie Solutions) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:42:59 -0000
Will Registry Cleaner Software Speed Up My Computer?: If it seems like you're always waiting for your PC to boot up or process your comma..
Payroll Software â More Than Software As a Service: Software as a service (SaaS) is a software development model in which a provider lice..
pieblog (Pie Solutions) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:42:53 -0000
Payroll Software – More Than Software As a Service: Software as a service (SaaS) is a software development model in which a provider lice..
im pissed off my zune software doesnt want to update fml
CoCaIN3_K4ndii3 (Amanda A Serrano) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:42:48 -0000
im pissed off my zune software doesnt want to update fml
@fany lamentablemente te equivocas, la ultima reforma de la LPI establece que en el caso de software NO EXISTE la copia de seguridad. Ea
metsuke (metsuke) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 17:42:14 -0000
@fany lamentablemente te equivocas, la ultima reforma de la LPI establece que en el caso de software NO EXISTE la copia de seguridad. Ea
Netlib - Searchable repository of free numerical software.
Sparse Matrix Ordering - Graph, mesh, and hypergraph partitioning software. Free download, portable on most Unix systems that have an ANSI C compiler (e.g. GNU C).
Meta Description: [ clustering, data mining, bioinformatics, graph, mesh, and hypergraph partitioning software ]
Addix.Spline - A comprehensive spline curve function library for creating and evaluating splines in Excel, VB and VBA. Free download of evaluation copy.
Meta Description: [ Addix.Spline is a comprehensive spline curve function library for creating and evaluating splines in Excel, VB and VBA. ]
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An Index to Numerical Methods in Pascal - A comprehensive list including freeware, shareware and commercial packages.
Astronomical Image Processing System - A software package for calibration, data analysis, image display, plotting, etcetera on astronomical data.
Astronomy and Numerical Source Codes - Astronomical computations and mathematical functions source programs in C. Home page of the Cephes Mathematical Library.
Meta Description: [ Astronomical computations and mathematical functions source programs in C. Home page of the Cephes Mathematical Library. ]
Boundary Element Method - Resources: Acoustics, Laplace and Helmholtz Problems. Book, manuals, Fortran software (Free and to purchase).
Meta Description: [ Boundary Element Method ]
Center for the Mathematics of Waves - Includes the Finite Element/Nystrom Solver, a two dimensional coupled finite element / Nystrom solver for the Helmholtz equation.
CSE - LANCELOT - A standard fortran 77 package for solving large-scale nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. Free download by FTP.
Meta Description: [ The Numerical Analysis Group of CLRC, UK researches techniques for the solution of large-scale problems in science, engineering, operations research and economics ]
Decision Tree for Optimization Software - Ready to use solutions for optimization problems, or at least a way to build such a solution using work done by others. Where possible, public domain software is listed.
Discrete Fourier Series Transform - Basic presentation of the discrete Fourier series transform. Explanations and formules. Raw source code to calculate numerical Fourier transforms.
Meta Description: [ Explanations on the discrete Fourier transform. Test program in BASIC. ]
DONLP2 - Software for nonlinear programming.
Easy-Fit - Used to identify parameters in explicit model functions, dynamic systems of equations (steady-state), Laplace transforms, ordinary differential equations, differential algebraic equations and one-dimensional partial differential equations. Proceeding from given experimental data. For example, observation times and measurements, the minimum least squares distances of measured data from a fitting criterion are computed, that may depend on the solution of the dynamic system.
FreeFEM - Free general PDE solver driven by a user friendly language. Both a 2D and a 3D version are available. MacOS, Windows.
Freely Available Software for the Solution of Linear Algebra Problems - Software for high-performance computers available in source form for problems in numerical linear algebra, specifically dense, sparse direct and iterative systems and sparse iterative eigenvalue problems.
Genetic Optimization Algorithm - Freeware used to solve optimization problems with several real and binary parameters and non linear objective functions and constraints. Includes illustration of program and links to the author's other webpages.
Meta Description: [ GOAL is a free optimization tool based on a genetic algorithm ]
GNU Octave - Free numerical analysis and visualization environment similar to Matlab.
GNU Octave Repository - Central location for custom scripts, functions and extensions to GNU Octave.
Meta Description: [ Octave-Forge is a collection of packages providing extra functionality for GNU Octave. ]
HSL Archive - HSL (formerly the Harwell Subroutine Library) is a collection of ISO Fortran codes for large scale scientific computation, written by members of the Numerical Analysis Group and other experts. Free download by FTP.
Jean-Pierre Moreau's Home Page - This private website is entirely dedicated to sources in numerical analysis in four languages: Basic, C++, Fortran and Pascal in Microsoft Windows environment.
Meta Description: [ This site is dedicated to sources in Numerical Analysis ]
MAI Information Technology - Numerical, statistical, and signal processing subroutine libraries optimised for OS/2 platforms.
Meta Description: [ Marschall Acoustics Instruments P/L provides a broad range of scientific, engineering, statistical, and geophysical information technology software and services. ]
MEDEA: Matrix Exponential Differential Equation Algorithm - Algorithm for the numerical integration of systems of ordinary differential equations arising in chemical problems. C ocde, free to use.
MIT Aero/Astro Scientific Visualization - Visualization software developed at MIT.
Newmat C++ Matrix Manipulation Library - For the manipulation of matrices in the C++ language, oriented towards science and engineering applications.
Numerical Methods - Notes and Fortran code on topics including: Finite elements, finite differences, boundary elements, integral equation methods, optimisation,linear systems, numerical integration, ODEs.
Meta Description: [ scientific computing ]
Object-oriented Finite Element / Numerical Methods in C++ - VectorSpace C++ Library for advanced numerical computation such as constrained optimization, variational methods, and computational mechanics.
Meta Description: [ Finite Element / Numerical Methods with Object-Oriented Programming in C++; VectorSpace C++ Library is for advanced numerical computation such as unconstrained/constrained optimization, variational methods, and Computational Mechanics ]
Ordinary Differential Equation System Solver - A Java-Applet/Application for solving ODE systems.
Meta Description: [ A differential equation system solver java applet ]
Reactor Simulation Editor, Introduction with Examples - The Reactor Simulation Editor (rsedit) is a software package designed to solve finite difference equations in a simplified way. The tool kit includes: a geometry editor, data structure editors, equation editor and an HTML output library.
Scientific Computing - Software and Algorithms for linear and nonlinear inverse Problems: Computerized tomography, wavelet applications, statical computations, multi parameter fit and more
SLEIGN2 - FORTRAN programs for solving Sturm--Liouville equations.
TeLa - The tensor language. Scientific computing language and environment.
Test Set for Initial Value Problem Solvers - Test problems, experimental results from a number of proven solvers, solvers, subroutines providing a common interface and links for Initial Value Problems for ODEs, DAEs and IDEs.
The Algae Programming Language - A high-level interpreted language for numerical analysis. Free (GNU GPL).
Meta Description: [ The file you are looking for has
vanished without a trace. See our home page at www.eskimo.com. ]
WNLIB C Subroutine Library - Will Naylor's free, unrestricted ANSI-C subroutine library including numerical routines such as conjugate-gradient and conjugate-directions, simplex method, transportation problem, fast-Fourier transform, matrix and vector operations.
Meta Description: [ Free ANSI C subroutine library
which includes numerical routines such as
conjugate-gradient and conjugate-directions, simplex
method, transportation problem, fast-Fourier
transform, matrix and vector operations;
data structure packages such as linked list,
balanced binary tree, completely general... ]
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XR - An implementation of exact real arithmetic in C++ by Keith Briggs.
Meta Description: [ An implementation of exact real arithmetic in C++ ]
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