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In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterising the errors introduced thereby. Note that what is meant by best and simpler will depend on the application.

One problem of particular interest is that of approximating a function in a computer mathematical library, using operations that can be performed on the computer or calculator (e.g. addition and multiplication), such that the result is as close to the actual function as possible. This is typically done with polynomial or rational (ratio of polynomials) approximations.

The objective is to make the approximation as close as possible to the actual function, typically with an accuracy close to that of the underlying computer's floating point arithmetic. This is accomplished by using a polynomial of high degree, and/or narrowing the domain over which the polynomial has to approximate the function. Narrowing the domain can often be done though the use of various addition or scaling formulas for the function being approximated. Modern mathematical libraries often reduce the domain into many tiny segments and use a low-degree polynomial for each segment.

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A Short Course on Approximation Theory - Lecture notes for a graduate course by Neal Carothers, Bowling Green State University. (DVI,PS)

A View from the Back of the Envelope - About approximation and the fun it enables. Includes examples, exercises, and links to help grasp concepts such as measurement, scale and magnitude. Sections include simplifying numbers, exponential notation, Fermi problems, using your body as a ruler, and other ways to visualize size and scale.

Approximation and Imaging - Université de Pau. Research topics, faculty, publications, meetings.
Meta Description: [ The Harvard University Homepage: an overview of academic programs, campus life, resources, news and events, with extensive links to other web sites located throughout the University. ]

Approximation People - A list of home pages kept at the University of Erlangen.

Approximation Theory - Lecture notes for Part III of the Mathematical Tripos by A. Shadrin, DAMTP, University of Cambridge. (PS)

Approximation Theory - Notes for courses given by Carl de Boor, Madison. (PS)

Approximation Theory Network (AT-NET) - Publishes a Bulletin and lists journals, theses, people, events and other links.

404 Association Française d'Approximation - The subgroup of SMAI concerned with approximation and representation of curves and surfaces. Features conferences, workshops and bibliography.

404 Bibliography in the Approximation of Curves and Surfaces - Mainly in English, some French.

History of Approximation Theory - Articles and web resources developed by Allan Pinkus and Carl de Boor.

NZ Approximation Theory Group - Members, meetings, visitors and links.

404 Open Problems in Constructive Approximation - Articles in PostScript format.

People in Approximation Theory - Amos Ron's list of links.

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