An open problem is a problem that can be formally stated and for which a solution is known to exist but which has not yet been solved. It is common in graduate schools to point out open problems to students. However, Fermat's last theorem and the Four color theorem are two notable open problems that have been closed or solved by faculty members, as they would have more expertise and resources than students.

Important open problems exist in many fields, such as in the field of theoretical computer science, computer scheduling, and real-time computing.

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