The word "theory" has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on the context and their methodologies. In common usage, people use the word "theory" to signify "conjecture", "speculation", or "opinion." In this sense, "theories" are opposed to "facts" — parts of the world, or claims about the world, that are real or true regardless of what people think.
In science, a theory is a proposed description, explanation, or model of the manner of interaction of a set of natural phenomena, capable of predicting future occurrences or observations of the same kind, and capable of being tested through experiment or otherwise falsified through empirical observation. It follows from this that for scientists "theory" and "fact" do not necessarily stand in opposition. For example, it is a fact that an apple dropped on earth has been observed to fall towards the center of the planet, and the theory which explains why the apple behaves so is the current theory of gravitation.
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Bibliography on Secret Sharing Schemes - List maintained by Douglas Stinson and Ruizhong Wei.
Boolean Function Nonlinearity - A detailed discussion of cryptographic nonlinearity, what it means and how it is computed, with active JavaScript panels to perform the computation.
Meta Description: [ A detailed discussion of cryptographic Boolean
function nonlinearity, what it means and how it is computed, with
active JavaScript panels to perform the computation.
A Ciphers By Ritter page. ]
Chaffing and Winnowing - An interesting paper by Ron Rivest about providing confidentiality without encryption.
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Claude Shannon's Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems - 1949 Bell Labs research paper on theoretical secrecy and perfect encryption cryptography.
Meta Description: [ Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems ]
Cryptodox - A community wiki. Basic cryptography theory and information security resources.
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Foundations of Cryptography - Oded Goldreich. A public domain book available on-line. Only partially completed.
Index of Cryptography Papers Available Online - A research tool for the cryptography community maintained by Counterpane Systems. Over 400 papers online.
Introduction to Cryptography - Elementary information on cryptographic theory, digital signatures, protocols, and cryptanalysis.
Meta Description: [ SSH Communications Security is a world-leading provider of enterprise security solutions and end-to-end communications security, and the original developer of the Secure Shell protocol. ]
Paul Garrett: Crypto and Number Theory - Lecture notes for a course on cryptography and number theory.
Random number generation and RFC 1750 - Information regarding best practice random number generation for cryptography.
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