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In mathematics and computing, an algorithm is a procedure (a finite set of well-defined instructions) for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. The computational complexity and efficient implementation of the algorithm are important in computing, and this depends on suitable data structures.

Informally, the concept of an algorithm is often illustrated by the example of a recipe, although many algorithms are much more complex; algorithms often have steps that repeat (iterate) or require decisions (such as logic or comparison). In most higher level programs, algorithms act in complex patterns, each using smaller and smaller sub-methods which are built up to the program as a whole. In many programming languages, algorithms are implemented as functions or procedures.

The concept of an algorithm originated as a means of recording procedures for solving mathematical problems such as finding the common divisor of two numbers or multiplying two numbers. The concept was formalized in 1936 through Alan Turing's Turing machines and Alonzo Church's lambda calculus, which in turn formed the foundation of computer science.

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Cryptix Standard Cryptographic Algorithm Naming - Introduces a system to enumerate and give standard reference identifiers for cryptographic algorithms with sufficient detail that independent implementations will be able to interoperate.

Cryptography, Security and Linux - A security resource with information on cryptographic algorithms.

General Hash Function Algorithms - General hash function algorithm implementations for string hashing in the object pascal, c and c++ programming languages.
Meta Description: [ The General Hash Function Algorithm library contains implementations for a series of commonly used additive and rotative string hashing algorithm in the Object Pascal, C and C++ programming languages ]

Grotex Lab. - Complex calculations systems - The site represents two programs: StringMath 1.0 - the ultraprecise calculator; UlDi 2.0 Pro - development and realization of methods of coding, decoding and compression (archiving) of data.
Meta Description: [ Криптологическая система шифрования и анализа данных (System of cryptooperation and analysis of data) ]

Kremlin by Mach 5 Software - A description of various cryptographic algorithms and a commercial suite of encryption software.
Meta Description: [ Kremlin Software Suite comprises Encrypt, Decrypt, Sentry, Secure Delete, Wipe utilities. Kremlin v3.0 is 160 bit cryptographic software suite providing Windows and MAC OS X seamless support. Easy to use and secure encryption and file deletion with free evaluation version. ]

Neil Johnson's Cryptography Site - A resource featuring current security news and an introduction to cryptography.

North American Cryptography Archives - A comprehensive archive for cryptography source code, software, literature, and links.
Meta Description: [ Strong cryptographic software, libraries, and information about cryptography, data security, and privacy. ]

Provably secure protocols - A list of published provably secure key establishment and mutual authentication protocols.

404 SSH and Cryptographic Algorithms - A brief survey of some commonly used cryptographic algorithms.
Meta Description: [ SSH Communications Security is a world-leading provider of enterprise security solutions and end-to-end communications security, and the original developer of the Secure Shell protocol. ]

Steve's Encryption Forums - Hosted by Steves-Homepage and features Chat forums discussing encryption systems and algorithms across europe and the rest of the world - requires registration and login.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to www.steves-homepage.co.uk - 'Steves Homepage' - a Satellite TV discussion forum offering help and advice for enthusiasts of European and Nordic Satellite TV channels ]

Stubblebine Research Labs - List of current and past projects and publications.

Teutoburgo: OTP4U - Contains a Java crypto-tool that allows the users to easily exchange a random key between them and then use it as a key for a One Time Pad cipher.

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Lecture 5: Parallel Graph Algorithms with MapReduce. See http://code.google.com/edu/content/submissions/mapreduce-min ilecture/
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