The United States of America, also known as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., the U.S. of A, the States, and America, is a country in North America. A federal republic, the United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Washington, D.C.
The present-day continental United States has been inhabited for at least 15,000 years by Native Americans. After 16th-century European exploration and settlement, the English established new colonies, and gained control of others, in the eastern portion of the continent in the 17th and early 18th centuries. On 4 July 1776, at war with Britain over fair governance, thirteen of these colonies declared their independence; in 1783, the war ended in British acceptance of the new nation. Since then, the country has more than quadrupled in size: it now consists of 50 states, one federal district, and a number of overseas territories.
At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.1 million km²), the U.S. is the third largest country by area. It is also the world's third most populous nation, with nearly 300 million people.
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U.S. National Academies - The National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, advisors to the nation.
Federally-Funded Research in the U.S. - Community of Science database on government funding sources for research.
Government Executive Magazine - Information Overload - Describes the National Technical Information Service, NTIS, which is the self-funding clearinghouse for the government's research and other technical information.
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Grid Research And Innovation Laboratory (GRAIL) - Focuses on the scheduling and the deployment of distributed scientific applications.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Works with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards.
Meta Description: [ The National Institute of Standards and Technology is a federal technology agency that develops and promotes measurement, standards, and technology. ]
National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSF is an independent U.S. government agency responsible for promoting science and engineering through research programs and education projects.
National Technical Information Service - NTIS, an agency of the US Dept of Commerce, provides access to more than 3 million scientific, technical, engineering, and related business information produced by or for the U.S. government and complementary material from international sources.
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