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Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europe's borders. Physically and geologically, Europe is a subcontinent or large peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia and west of Asia.

Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and–according to the traditional geographic definition–to the southeast by the waterways adjoining the Mediterranean to and including the Black Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains (in Caucasia). Europe's eastern frontier is vague, but has traditionally been given as the divide of the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea to the southeast. The Urals are considered by most to be a geographical and tectonic landmark separating Asia from Europe.

Europe is the world's second-smallest continent in terms of area, covering about 10,390,000 square kilometres (4,010,000 sq mi) or 2.0% of the Earth's surface. The only continent smaller is Australia. In terms of population, it is the third-largest continent (Asia and Africa are larger) with a population of more than 710,000,000, or about 11% of the world's population.

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Science and Environment :: Europe
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L.A. Times - Science

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The discovery marks a technical advance but has a long way to go before it can be considered an alternative to donor blood. Scientists said Tuesday that they had devised a way to grow large quantities of blood in the lab using human embryonic stem cells, potentially making blood drives a thing of the past.
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One revelation is that, contrary to what some officials had claimed, the mailed anthrax had not been 'weaponized.' Scientists behind the case against Bruce E. Ivins, who federal officials allege was solely responsible for the deadly anthrax mailings of 2001, publicly described their work for the first time Monday and said the spores had originated from a flask linked by investigators to the deceased Army scientist.
Hospitals fined for violations
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State acts against facilities -- five in O.C. -- for incidents that placed patients in serious jeopardy. Eighteen California hospitals have been fined by the state for violating laws regarding quality care for patients, the state public health department announced Monday.

Reuters: Science News

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LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - No wonder Bigfoot failed a DNA test. Researchers said on Tuesday the hairy heap claimed by two men to be the corpse of the mythical half-ape, half-human creature was actually a full-body rubber gorilla costume.
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Tue, 19 Aug 2008 15:37:02 -0400
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NASA fixes moonship shaking with shock absorbers
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Newsweek Technology Headlines

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Innovation

Google and Apple climb the customer-satisfaction polls
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Google and Apple are at the top of their game and rising even higher, according to a survey of American attitudes toward brands. The University of Michigan posted its 2008 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) this morning. Among the six manufacturing and e-business industries, Google and Apple hovered above the competition. In the search-engine category, Google scored [...]
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Science News - UPI.com

Swiss researchers develop stem cell line
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Early rising creates Japanese nationalism
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CAMBRIDGE, England, Aug. 19 (UPI) -- A British study suggests a Japanese government-supported trend for arising early each day might be symptomatic of a revival of nationalism.

 
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ALLEA - ALL European Academies: a federation of the national academies of sciences and of humanities in 38 European countries. With links to members, information on ALLEA and its publications.

CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research - European Laboratory for Particle Physics.
Meta Description: [ From CERN, a complete introduction to the world's largest particle physics laboratory ]

ERGO - An initiative of the European Commission working with National Research and Development Information Providers to promote awareness of R+D projects from EU states and other associated countries.
Meta Description: [ Community Research and Development Information Service (CORDIS) provides information on all EU-supported R&D activities, including programmes, projects, results, publications and partners. ]

EU Fifth Framework Programme (FP5) - The EU strategic priorities for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration activities for 1998-2002.

Eureka - A Europe-wide network for industrial research and development, strengthening European competitiveness by promoting 'market-driven' collaborative RTD, involving industry and research institutes.
Meta Description: [ A Europe-wide Network for Industrial R&D, strengthening European competitiveness by promoting 'market-driven' collaborative RTD, involving industry (SME and Large companies) and research institutes across Europe, using advanced technologies resulting in cost-effective products, processes and serv... ]

EUROGRID Project - To demonstrate the use of GRIDs in selected scientific and industrial communities, address the specific requirements of these communities, and highlight the benefits of using GRIDs.

European Environment Agency - Information on environmental conditions, issues, and research themes, including reports, data and links.
Meta Description: [ The European Environment Agency (EEA) and its partners in EIONET provide access to environmental information through themes and various services to quickly locate relevant reports, fact sheets, indicators, data and links about Europe's environment. ]

European Post-Doctoral Institute (EPDI) - A group of leading European mathematics and physics research centres encouraging the mobility of young researchers and strengthening the position of mathematical sciences in European research as a whole.

404 European Research Training Networks - Groups of researchers - at least five groups from at least three countries - with a research and training proposal. The research project is the vehicle for providing training to young researchers.

European Science Foundation - The ESF promotes high quality science at a European level. It acts as a catalyst for the development of science by bringing together leading scientists and funding agencies to debate, plan and implement pan-European initiatives.
Meta Description: [ local description ]

Euroscience - Working to strengthen the links between European research and European society, create an integrated space for science and technology in Europe, and influence science and technology policies. Information about Euroscience and about science policy topics and issues.
Meta Description: [ Non Governmental Organization for the Advancement of Science in Europe ]

Joint Research Centre - The European Union's scientific and technical research laboratory and an integral part of the European Commission.
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500 The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus - State sponsored scientific organization aimed to carry out and coordinate the fundamental research in main directions of natural, engineering, social sciences, the humanities and arts. In English, Belarusian, and Russian.
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