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In physical geography, a wetland is an environment "at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems...and truly aquatic systems...making them different from each yet highly dependent on both" (Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986). In essence, wetlands are ecotones.

Characteristics


Wetlands are found under a wide range of hydrological conditions, but at least some of the time water saturates the soil. The result is a hydric soil, one characterized by an absence of free oxygen some or all of the time, and therefore called a "reducing environment." Plants (called hydrophytes or just wetland plants) specifically adapted to the reducing conditions presented by such soils can survive in wetlands, whereas species intolerant of the absence of soil oxygen (called "upland" plants) can not survive. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.

Intertidal wetlands are found in coastal areas where air temperature, wave action, salinity levels, and sediment movements are moderated by the locational features of the estuarine environment and ecosystem.

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Johann3216 (Stephen Bynum) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:38:18 -0000
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12/22/09: Updates have been posted for the Inland Wetlands, Watercourses, Preston Redevel.Agency and the BOS. http://tinyurl.com/be9yej
PrestonWebsite (PrestonWebsite) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:29:54 -0000
12/22/09: Updates have been posted for the Inland Wetlands, Watercourses, Preston Redevel.Agency and the BOS. http://tinyurl.com/be9yej
Climate change threatens duck wetlands|BROOKINGS, S.D., Dec. 22 (UPI) -- Climate change could adversely impact .. http://oohja.com/x3SwD
greenbusinesses (GreenBusinesses.com) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:06:10 -0000
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#charitytuesday @ducanada is a non-profit org that conserves,restores and manages wetlands and associated habitats for NAmerica's waterfowl
terrymslobodian (Terry Slobodian) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:05:47 -0000
#charitytuesday @ducanada is a non-profit org that conserves,restores and manages wetlands and associated habitats for NAmerica's waterfowl
Climate change threatens duck wetlands|BROOKINGS, S.D., Dec. 22 (UPI) -- Climate change could adversely impact .. http://oohja.com/x3SvR
Obamashitlist (Mark Boabaca) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 21:04:04 -0000
Climate change threatens duck wetlands|BROOKINGS, S.D., Dec. 22 (UPI) -- Climate change could adversely impact .. http://oohja.com/x3SvR

 
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Technology Center - US Army Corps of Engineers unit that facilitates and coordinates wetlands scientific and engineering work, wetlands training and information.

Wetlands Trust - Engendering care and concern for wetlands by focusing on rare wetland birds and bringing people into close contact with ducks, geese, and swans at centers throughout the UK.
Meta Description: [ WWT is a leading UK conservation organisation saving wetlands with nine UK wetland visitor centres, consulting and conservation teams working worldwide. Wetland visitor centres at arundel, caerlaverock, castle espie, llanelli, martin mere, slimbridge, washington, welney and london offer great day... ]

Albanian Wetland Ecosystems Project - Project geared towards recording the nation's wetlands to create a database for use in conservation and wise use of the Albanian wetlands. Provides information, reports, and maps.
Meta Description: [ ALWET is a 3 year LIFE Third countries project with general objective to build capacities to the Albanian scientists on conservation, management and inventoty of wetlands, using the technology GIS, Remote Sensing and Databases ]

America's Wetland: Campaign to Save Coastal Louisiana - Information about one of the largest and most productive expanses of coastal wetlands in North America, now disappearing rapidly, and efforts to protect and restore it.

Army Corps of Engineers - Wetlands Research Program - Research program designed to advance the state of the art of wetlands science, engineering, and technology.

Army Corps of Engineers Sacramento District Regulatory Home Page - Information related to wetlands, especially U.S. federal regulation of wetlands.

Bolsa Chica Wetlands Restoration Project - Information about this wetland area and its restoration. In Orange County, California.

British Columbia Wetlands Society - Mission is to promote the conservation of British Columbia's wetland ecosystems through education, research and stewardship.

Camosun Bog Restoration Group - Working in Pacific Spirit Regional Park in Vancouver to restore an ancient and sensitive habitat.

Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States Manual - Report by wetland ecologists (Cowardin et al.) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1979.
Meta Description: [ National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), Fireworks Splice HTML ]

404 Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act (2001), Table of Contents - Technical report by a committee of the National Academy of Sciences (2001). Covers wetlands restoration, mitigation, and related topics.

Dr. Julian Thompson - Wetland Research Unit - Wetlands research (primarily in Africa and Asia) and courses offered at University College, London. Includes publications.
Meta Description: [ * ]

Duke University Wetland Center - The goal of the Duke University Wetland Center is to provide sound scientific knowledge that will lead to sustainable wetland functions and values for the nation and the world.

Electronic Wetlands Herbarium - On-line field guide to U.S. wetlands plants.

Everglades Library - Internet resource library of information on the Florida Everglades and its restoration.
Meta Description: [ Keeping up with the Florida Everglades- its destruction and its restoration. ]

Flynn Bogs System - A study of a bog system in Leon County Texas, describing the various habitats found, and the wildlife that inhabit them.

Friends of Bushy Park Wetlands - Organization assists Parks Victoria rangers in the passive development of this wetland and sanctuary for 90 bird species in Glen Waverley, Australia. Includes information on wetlands and their biology.

Ginninderra Wetlands Care Group - Wetlands management organization in Canberra ACT Australia. Site includes local and general wetlands information.
Meta Description: [ Australian land care. Ginninderra Wetlands Care Group, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia, Wetlands care group ]

King County Wetland Topics - Information about wetlands, wetland plants and wildlife, development and mitigation rules, and educational programs from King County Department of Natural Resources, Washington State.

Kushiro International Wetland Centre - Archived newsletters and other information regarding wetlands matters in Japan's Kushiro region and other parts of the country, as well as international wetlands topics.

Lake Koshkonong Wetland Association - Promotes Lake Koshkonong and the Rock River in southern Wisconsin including the life of natural plants, fish, birds, and other forms of wildlife in the basin.

Louisiana Coast Web Site - contains information and links relating to coastal restoration projects in Louisiana. Site funded by the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA).

National Wetlands Inventory - Maps and other information on U.S. wetlands, from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Meta Description: [ National Wetlands Inventory Home Page. The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service produces information on the characteristic, extent, and status of the National Wetlands and deepwater habitats. In addition, we provide wetland maps, status maps, Wetlands Mappe... ]

National Wildlife Federation's Wetlands Homepage - Educational materials, information on several major U.S. wetlands regions, U.S. legal requirements and issues related to wetlands protection, floodplain restoration, wetlands library.
Meta Description: [ Mercury runs many processes in our lives but we must take a stand to prevent mercury pollution because it can adversely affect wildlife and people's health. ]

Ohio Wetlands Foundation - Non-profit providing wetland, off-site compensatory mitigation credits and funding wetlands research and education

Penn State Cooperative Wetlands Center - Information about interdisciplinary research, monitoring, and training regarding wetlands and related resources, with an emphasis in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states. One activity is developing and testing science-based methods and tools to assess and predict wetland functions.
Meta Description: [ Fireworks Splice HTML ]

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands - Official site of the secretariat for the Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. This intergovernmental treaty provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
Meta Description: [ Official Web site of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands secretariat ]

Riparian and Wetland Research Program of the University of Montana - Research group dealing with issues relating to the ecology and management of riparian and wetlands of the state and the region.

Siberian Crane Wetland Project - A six-year effort to sustain the ecological integrity of a network of globally important wetlands in Asia, using the Siberian Crane as a flagship species.

Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands - Network of wetland workers and advocates who engage in activities supportive of wetland conservation objectives.

Society of Wetland Scientists - a non-profit organization founded to promote wetland science and the exchange of information related to wetlands.

South Florida Wetland Ecosystems Lab - Describes wetlands research activities, including studies of mangrove ecology and water quality impacts in the Everglades.

Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project - Goal is to accelerate the pace, the extent, and the effectiveness of coastal wetland restoration in Southern California through developing and implementing a regional prioritization plan for the acquisition, restoration, and enhancement of Southern California's coastal wetlands and watersheds.

Swampy - A kids' introduction to wetlands, featuring a cartoon character, with photos of wetlands and watersheds in different parts of the United States. Includes professional resume for the Kentucky wetlands scientist who created the site.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to Swampy.org, dedicated to wetland and watershed education. Please take this opportunity to browse my website and find out how soils,water,animals,plants and land use play important roles in wetlands ]

The California Resources Agency Wetlands Web - Comprehensive information about wetlands and their management in California and elsewhere. Content designed for the general public, the educational community, and government agencies.
Meta Description: [ This document contains links and/or information regarding CERES California Wetlands Information System; ]

The Coalition for Wetland Protection - Coalition of non-governmental organizations and scientific institutions focused on supporting and protecting the wetland areas of Poland. News, technical and issues information, and images of Polish wetlands (including peatlands and mires).

The Digital Field Trip to The Wetlands - Learn about wetland ecology, including types, organisms, food webs, bog formation and conservation with Digital Frog International's award-winning educational CD-ROM.
Meta Description: [ Digital Frog International's award-winning virtual-reality tour of a wetland allows you to explore a bog without getting your feet wet. ]

The Olentangy River Wetland Research Park - About wetland research and education facility at Ohio State University.

The rehabilitation of Creery Wetlands - Provides an overview of the rehabilitation of the area including the re-introduction of the quenda.
Meta Description: [ Mandurah Samphire is a rehabilitation project being conducted by Cedar Woods Nature Studies WA. Creery Wetlands and Samphire Cove are home to the Quenda or Southern Brown Bandicoot. The Creery Wetlands and Samphire Cove Wetlands are surrounded by Samphire. It is an important and fascinating envir... ]

404 The Riddle of the Carolina Bays (Smithsonian Magazine) - The confusingly named bays are not ocean inlets, nor are they confined to the Carolinas (though that is where they lie thickest). They are eerie wetland depressions scattered across the Eastern coastal plain from southern New Jersey to northern Florida.
Meta Description: [ Articles from the Smithsonian Institution's award-winning, monthly general interest magazine, plus exclusive Web articles, videos, blogs, photographs and more. ]

TOWRA-Net - Towra Point Nature Reserve - All about Towra Point Nature Reserve - Sydney's most important wetland

U.S. EPA Wetlands Homepage - About wetlands, U.S. wetlands regulation, and other U.S. governmental efforts to protect these areas. Includes large collection of internet links.

USGS National Wetlands Research Center - Mission is to develop and disseminate scientific information needed for understanding the ecology and values of U.S. wetlands and for managing and restoring wetland habitats and associated plant and animal communities.
Meta Description: [ The mission of the National Wetlands Research Center is to develop and disseminate scientific information needed for understanding the ecology and values of our nation's wetlands and for managing and restoring wetland habitats and associated plant and animal communities. ]

Virginia Association of Wetland Professionals - Established to exchange ideas on wetlands in Virginia. Organization information, several photos of wetlands plants, and links to related information.
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West Eugene Wetlands Project - Case study of successful conflict resolution involving wetlands in an urban area. Information on wetlands, maps, photographs, and documentation of the process of achieving compromise between environmental and business concerns.
Meta Description: [ Contains detailed overview of the West Eugene Wetlands Project. Information on wetlands, maps, photographs, and documentation on managing a compromise between environmental and business concerns. ]

404 Western Wetland Flora - Field guide containing color photographs, line drawings, distinquishing features, range maps, and textual descriptions for 300 species of wetland plants that occur in the western United States. Identification key and illustrated glossary are included.

Wetland Care Australia - A not-for-profit company dedicated to on-ground action to repair wetlands. The web site acts as a resource for staff, researchers and the general public.
Meta Description: [ Wetland Care Australia is a not-for-profit company dedicated to on-ground action to repair and care for wetlands. ]

Wetland Plant Ecology at Coastal Carolina University - Internet course with site visits to Waccamaw River and Little River in West Virginia.

Wetland Regulations Center - Presented by Environmental Technical Services Co. as a service to all persons interested in the laws, policies and regulations concerning activities regulated under Sections 401 and 404 of the Clean Water Act in waters of the United States, including wetlands.
Meta Description: [ The Wetlands Regulation Center is presented as a service to persons interested in the field of wetland regulations, especially federal wetland regulations under the Clean Water Act, with specific reference to Permits for Dredge and Fill Activities in Waters of the United States including Wetlands... ]

404 Wetland Restoration Bibliography - A searchable bibliography intended to provide scientists, managers, students, and policy-makers with convenient access to current information on wetland restoration.
Meta Description: [ A searchable, living bibliography intended to provide scientists, managers, students, and policy-makers with convenient access to current information on wetland restoration ]

Wetland Science Institute - Comprehensive U.S. government technical resource on wetlands, their delineation and restoration, and related topics.

Wetlands - Introduction to wetlands and their value to the ecosystem.
Meta Description: [ This is the main page for the NCSU Water Quality Group located in Raleigh, North Carolina USA. The NCSU Water Quality Group is part of the Biological & Agricultural Engineering Department in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at NC State University, providing a premiere, in... ]

Wetlands and Water Resources Programme - IUCN - The World Conservation Union aims to improve the conservation and sustainable use of freshwater and tidal wetlands. About wetlands and the values, challenges of wetlands loss and conservation worldwide, and programs to protect and restore wetlands.
Meta Description: [ Wetlands and Water Resources Programme promotes the sustainable use of wetlands and water resources. We advise on the management and restoration of ecosystems to achieve social development and the conservation of biological diversity. ]

Wetlands International - Non-profit organization dedicated solely to wetland conservation and sustainable management. Information about wetlands and organization activities around the world.

404 Wetlands International - Nonprofit global organisation dedicated to wetland conservation and sustainable management.

Wetlands International - Indonesia Programme - Research organization to sustain and restore wetlands in Indonesia. Information on Indonesian wetlands and project proposals.

WetNet - Texas Wetland Information Network - Intended to foster easier access to online wetland-related information for various government agencies concerned with wetlands in Texas.

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