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This article is about the separation process. For the mathematical concept see filtration (abstract algebra). For the noun see filter.

In chemistry, alchemy and water treatment, filtration is the process of using a filter to mechanically separate a mixture.

Methods of Filtration


There are many different methods of filtration, all aim to attain the separation of two or more substances. This is achieved by some form of interaction between the substance or objects to be removed and the filter. In addition the substance that is to pass through the filter must be a fluid, i.e. a liquid or gas.

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U.S. EPA Water News

EPA Seeks Comment on Preliminary Perchlorate Drinking Water Decision - Agency Plans to Issue a Perchlorate Health Advisory
Fri, 03 Oct 2008 13:35:09 -0400
(Washington, D.C. – Oct. 3, 2008) The U.S
Climate Change Strategy to Help Manage Water Resources
Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:05:07 -0400
(Washington, D.C. – Oct. 2, 2008) To assist in responding to potential effects of climate change, a new strategy focuses on 40 specific actions for the national water program to take to respond to climate change
Greka Violates Enforcement Order: U.S. EPA Takes Over U.S. EPA assumes control of critical activities at Greka’s Gato Ponds
Wed, 01 Oct 2008 13:29:44 -0400
(10/1/2008 -- SAN FRANCISCO) Greka Oil and Gas, Inc. has failed to meet multiple clean up deadlines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at their Gato Ponds lease
North Dakota developer fined for discharges of pollutants to Lake Elsie wetlands
Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:15:40 -0400
Northeast Ridge Development Company to pay $15,000 (Denver, Colo. -- September 30, 2008) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has reached an agreement with David J
EPA fines six Arizona charter school operators for asbestos violations Schools failed to have inspections completed and asbestos management plans
Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:45:23 -0400
(09/30/08) SAN FRANCISCO -- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently fined six Arizona charter school operators a combined total of $11,600 for Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act violations
EPA issues order to American Samoa company to control water pollution discharges MYD Samoa Inc. could face fines if it fails to prevent shipyard pollutants from entering Pago Pago harbor
Mon, 29 Sep 2008 17:07:58 -0400
(09/29/08) HONOLULU – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued an administrative order to MYD Samoa Inc. to take corrective actions at its Satala shipyard to control and limit the discharges of pollutants into Pago Pago harbor

USGS Newsroom

Media Advisory: Join Scientists to See How Major Earthquake Can Devastate Southern California
OC_Web@usgs.gov (Office of Communications Web Group)Some residents were shaken awake today by the magnitude 4.1 earthquake in the San Bernardino Mountains. But all of Southern California would experience the effects of the magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault - 500,000 times bigger than today's event - depicted in the "ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario." The scenario will be used Nov. 13 for The Great Southern California ShakeOut, the largest earthquake drill in U.S. history. Media are invited to be briefed by scientists and see firsthand how the scenario depicts the devastation a major earthquake could cause to Cajon Pass, a narrow area between mountain ranges that is a primary corridor for highway and rail transportation, vital power lines, the California aqueduct, energy pipelines and telecommunications cables that supply millions of homes and businesses in Southern California. The tour will include great visual and audio material for print and broadcast media. WHO: USGS earthquake experts Lucy Jones and Ken Hudnut, representatives from the California Geological Survey WHEN: Wednesday, October 8, 2008, at 12:30 p.m. WHERE:  Media should meet on the east side of the parking lot at the Ontario Airport Marriott, beside Gusti Road. Vans will be provided for transportation to the location in Cajon Pass, approximately 20 minutes away, or media can follow in their own vehicles. Driving directions to the Marriott are available on the Marriot Web site. Media can also go to the Cajon Pass site directly at 1:00 p.m., near the junction of I-15 and I-215 N following the map instructions provided. WHY: Take this time to prepare for The Great Southern California Shakeout, which already has more than 3.7 million people, schools and businesses signed up to participate. In the "ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario," the earthquake would kill 1,800 people, injure 50,000, cause $200 billion in damage, and have long-lasting social and economic consequences. This is the most comprehensive analysis ever of what a major Southern California earthquake would mean and is the scientific framework for what will be the largest earthquake preparedness drill in the nation's history.
Hurricane Ike's Effects Linger in the Great Lakes
OC_Web@usgs.gov (Office of Communications Web Group)Videos, pictures, and real-time data show damage from Ike along the Lake Michigan shore near Portage, Ind. Although Hurricane Ike is long gone, its impact lingers more than a thousand miles from where it made landfall.  Runoff from tributaries dumped massive amounts of sediment into Lake Michigan, contaminating the water, compromising near-shore navigation and raising E coli bacteria to levels unsafe for swimming.  According to Richard Whitman, a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) expert on beach health, "The local effects that Ike had on Lake Michigan's Indiana shoreline, water depth, and water quality have been profound." While assessing Ike's impact on the lake, Whitman noted that "The velocity and height of a tributary emptying into Lake Michigan at Portage, Indiana went off the chart.  We measured a tremendous amount of sediment accumulation Near Ogden Dunes." USGS scientists use high tech, state-of-the-art equipment in the lake to measure runoff, the lake's currents, and sediment input during storms. These data are used to forecast whether a beach is unsafe for swimmers. Beaches are subject to high bacteria levels following storms. Heavy rains from Ike significantly impacted northwestern Indiana and Chicago because the ground was already saturated by a stalled cold front.
New Geologic Map Provides Details on Past, Present and Future of Western Transverse Ranges
OC_Web@usgs.gov (Office of Communications Web Group)Do you ever wonder what has happened beneath your feet? Curious about what might occur in years to come? A new tool that can help citizens who live, work and play in the western Transverse Ranges region is now available online and in print from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30' x 60' Quadrangle, California. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3002, is available for purchase or free download. A low-resolution image of the map is attached. Geologic maps serve as the framework for a number of planning and industrial activities because they show the rock types at the earth's surface and help to unravel the history of the earth. They can help inform land-use decisions such as how planners should design buildings, canals, roads, and drainage of farmland, locate earthquake faults, and show where landslides are likely to occur to help plan for safer communities. They can also help predict where resources such as oil, gas, and mineral resources exist for future development. "Geologic maps are important tools for policy makers, planners and the general public," said Eugene Schweig, USGS geologist and Chief Scientist of the Central Region Earth Surface Processes team. The newly released USGS map represents part of the Transverse Ranges, east-west trending mountains in southern California that include the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, Santa Monica, and Santa Ynez Mountains. The map also includes a large section of the San Andreas fault that ruptured during the major 1859 Ft. Tejon earthquake.  It shows surface-level rocks and deposits being formed and deformed today, and others that formed as long as 1.7 billion years ago. An accompanying pamphlet describes in detail the geologic units of the region, most of which are less than about 50 million year old (Tertiary age) and include both marine and non-marine rocks.

Water Resources Management

Vahid Alavian on Water Week 2007
B-SPAN Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink, was the cry of the ancient mariner. But for development organizations, managing precious H2O is more than just a poetic albatross over a billion people lack access to a reliable water supply, and more than half the population of the developing world lives without proper sanitation. In this plenary address from Water Week 2007, Vahid Alavian, Adviser to the World Banks Energy, Transport and Water department, speaks about the challenges and horizons ahead for water resource management.
3. Closing Plenary
B-SPAN What does climate change mean for Latin Americas water resources and how will regional policy evolve to reflect this? How does the political economy of a country affect their water and sanitation services? Are we integrating science and social science effectively into water resource management? These are just a few of the questions discussed at the closing plenary of Water Week 2007.
2. Sustainability and Development
B-SPAN Without water, life on Earth is impossible. Yet this precious resource is sometimes entirely too scarce for people in developing countries. To propose solutions and create dialogue around this vital issue, the World Bank sponsors Water Week each year, bringing together internal and external experts in the sector. This plenary session on sustainability and growth for the water sector was introduced by Jamal Saghir, the Director of Energy, Transport, and Water for the World Bank, and moderated by Margaret CatleyCarlson, Chair of the Global Water Partnership.
IEG Natural Resources
B-SPAN Plant life exists in a complicated relationship with water—not only as an ingredient for life and photosynthesis, but, through interactions, for the soil and the climate as well. Is this relationship beneficial? Or should the World Bank reconsider reforestation projects in the interests of water conservation and climate change? In this presentation on October 12, 2006, at the World Banks headquarters in Washington, DC, Sampurno Bruijnzeel, Associate Professor of Ecohydrology at Vrije University in Amsterdam, explained why trees contribute to steady flows of clean water, based on 30 years of experience with tropical hydrology. Kenneth Chomitz, Senior Advisor for the World Banks Independent Evaluation Group, chaired the meeting.
Seminar 12 Human Development Access to Water
B-SPAN Although the worlds surface is 70 percent water, it is still a growing problem for natural resource management. Diverted rivers, dams, and drained wetlands are only a few of the difficulties affecting the global water supply. To discuss the issue, the World Bank External Affairs division held this Access to Water session for the Global Issues Seminar Series on January 25, 2006. Students from the Central European University, American University of Beirut, University of Amsterdam, University of Ghana, Sofia University, Sussex University, and several Washington, D.C. area schools joined the seminar, either at the Banks main headquarters or by videoconference. It was chaired by Maya Brahmam, Head of the Speakers Bureau for the Bank.
Water Week 2005 Water, the World Bank and the Media
B-SPAN Water Week 2005 was held from March 1 to 3, 2005 at the World Bank headquarters in Washington. Titled Water Security Policies and Investments, this years Water Week focused on the need to balance infrastructure with institutions and to develop the two realms in tandem. Recognizing that neither infrastructure nor institutions can adequately solve water problems alone, the conference sought to deepen the understanding of the important relationship between sound policies and infrastructure investments.

 
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