Captive breeding is the process of breeding endangered animals by capturing them from their natural environment, breeding them in restricted conditions in zoos and other conservation facilities, and releasing them back to the wild when the population stabilizes and the threat to the animal in the wild is lessened or removed.
This technique has been used with great success for many animal species for quite a while, with probably the oldest known such instances of captive breeding being attributed to menageries of European and Asian rulers, a case in point being the Pere David's Deer. The idea was popularized among modern conservationists independently by Peter Scott and Gerald Durrell in the 1950s and 1960s, founders of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust and Jersey Zoo - who demonstrated considerable success with a wide variety of life forms in the 1970s ranging from birds (eg. Pink Pigeon), mammals (eg. Pigmy Hog), reptiles (eg. Round Island Boa) and amphibians (eg. Poison arrow frogs). Their ideas were independently validated by the success of Operation Oryx (under the auspices of the Fauna and Flora Preservation Society), which successfully captive bred the Arabian Oryx in 1962 and reintroduced them back into Arabia.
Such techniques are usually difficult to implement for highly mobile species like some migratory birds (eg. cranes) and fishes (eg. Hilsa).
More on [ Captive breeding ]

American Zoo and Aquarium Association - Promoting the welfare of zoological parks and aquariums and their advancement as public educational institutions, as scientific centers, as natural science and wildlife exhibition and conservation agencies, and as cultural recreational establishments dedicated to the enrichment of human and natural resources.
Aviornis UK - Devoted to the conservation of endangered waterfowl, pheasants, pigeons, doves, and parkland birds through captive breeding. Provides a ringing and registration scheme.
Black-footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes) - 1998 recovery update results from captive breeding programs in Wyoming, USA.
Canids - Captive breeding and reintroduction of foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs.
Captive Breeding and Re-introduction of Endangered Species - Give the reason for the captive breeding of some species with links to relevant resources.
Captive Breeding and Species Re-introductions - Explanation of captive breeding programs and their use in conservation.
Carnivore Preservation Trust - The Carnivore Preservation Trust (CPT) works to preserve the world's endangered 'keystone' predator species--which are crucial to the survival of their ecosystems -- through habitat preservation, captive breeding, and education.
Conservation at Cincinnati Zoo - The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is committed to the understanding and preservation of wildlife and our living world through naturalistic exhibits of animals and plants, scientific research, education, and active cooperation with a worldwide network of conservation organizations.
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Conservation at Denver Zoo - A key component of Denver Zoo's mission is to foster an appreciation of the world's wildlife and conservation of these irreplaceable natural resources. The Zoo serves as a primary regional resource for wildlife conservation through programs that encourage the protection of animals in the wild.
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Conservation at Woodland Park Zoo - Active involvement in conserving wild creatures and the habitats which sustain them.
Meta Description: [ Woodland Park Zoo's Partners for Wildlife (PFW) is a new conservation approach, created to expand our efforts and resources on proven wildlife conservation projects. ]
Grey seals - Breeding grey seals in captivity by the Contaminant Research Group, Swedish Museum of Natural History.
IUCN Policy Statement on Captive Breeding - Gives reasons and list of procedures to create a feasible zoo breeding program.
Kamloops Wildlife Park - Kamloops Wildlife Park assists the preserving the threatened and endangered species through education,captive breeding and rehabilitation.
Meta Description: [ British Columbia Wildlife Park in BC, Canada features Wildlife Rehabilitation, Environmental Education Department, Endangered Species Survival Plans (including the largest Burrowing Owl Captive Breeding Program in North America). Contact 250-573-3242 ]
Lichanura - Describes the requirement for the captive breeding of Lichanura.
Psittacine Incubation Techniques - Incubation periods and first laying dates of captive raised first generation parrots.
Snakes - The Captive Breeding of Colubrid Snakes
Species Survival Plans at the Pittsburgh Zoo - Explains the program and philosophy to promote a healthy and diverse population within the zoo. Page lists species that have been chosen to participate in this project.
The National Birds of Prey Centre - Has been successful in the captive breeding of 50 raptor species.
Meta Description: [ NBPC, National Birds Of Prey Centre, Newent, UK - UK's largest collection with over 200 birds of prey with regular flying displays ]
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Victoria's Three Great Zoos - Contributing to the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
ZooWatch - The primary aim of ZooWatch is to promote zoo websites in the UK and Eire, raising awareness of their conservation programmes both nationally and internationally. The secondary aim is to help zoos promote themselves so as to maintain their commercial viability and allow their conservation work to prosper.