Paleoecology uses data from fossils and subfossils to reconstruct the ecosystems of the past. It includes the study of fossil organisms in terms of their life cycle, their living interactions, their natural environment, their manner of death and burial. Paleoecology's aim is therefore to build the most detailed model possible of the life environment of those living organisms we find today as fossils; such reconstruction work involves complex interactions among environmental factors (temperature, food supplies, degree of solar illumination, etc.). Of course, much of this complex data has been distorted or destroyed by the post-mortem fossilization processes, adding another layer of complexity. The environmental complexity factor is normally tackled through statistical analysis of the available numerical data (quantitative paleontology or paleostatistics), while post-mortem processes as a source of information are known as the field of taphonomy.
Much paleoecological research focuses on the last two million years (formerly known as the Quarternary period) because older environments are less well-represented in the fossil timeline of evolution. Indeed, many studies concentrate on the Holocene epoch (the last 10,000 years), or the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene epoch (the Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Würm glaciation of the ice age, from 50,000 to 10,000 years ago). Such studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems. Many public policy decision-makers have pointed to the importance of using paleoecological studies as a basis for choices made in conservation ecology.
More on [ Paleoecology ]
Paleobotany :: Botany
Ecology :: Biology
Paleontology :: Earth Sciences
Cenozoic :: By Geological Interval
Insects :: Arthropods
Mammals :: Vertebrates

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European Pollen Database - Collaborative project at NOAA to compile Quaternary pollen data.
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Faunmap - An electronic database for the late Quaternary distribution of mammal species in the United States. Illinois State Museum.
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Global Vegetation History - An atlas of changes in climate and vegetation over the last 150,000 years (the Quaternary period).
Paleolimnology - Web resources and links about paleolimnology and pollen studies.
Palynology Springboard - Course presents an overview of pollen morphology and pollination ecology, a history of palynology, and methodology for application of palynology to paleobotanical, geological and archaeological environmental reconstruction. Geosciences/Anthropology 446/846 (University Nebraska)
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Review and Atlas of Palaeovegetation - Preliminary land ecosystem maps of the world since the Last Glacial Maximum.
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