The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia. It is bordered by Norway in the west, Finland in the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait in the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia in the east. Sweden has a low population density except in its Metropolitan areas of Sweden, with most of the inland consisting of forests. The country has large natural resources of water, timber, and iron ore. Its citizens enjoy a high standard of living in a country that is generally perceived as clean, modern, and liberal.
Following the end of the Viking Age, Sweden became part of the Kalmar Union together with Denmark and Norway (Finland at this time was a part of the Swedish kingdom). Sweden left the union in the beginning of the 16th century, and more or less constantly battled its neighbours for many years, especially Russia and the still united Denmark-Norway, which never completely accepted Sweden leaving the union. In the 17th and 18th centuries Sweden extended its territory through warfare and became a Great Power, twice its current size. By 1814 Sweden had lost its empire as well as Finland, previously an integral part of the Kingdom of Sweden. Since 1814, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.
Sweden had been a major European exporter of iron, copper and timber since the middle ages. However, improved transportation and communication allowed it to utilize natural assets from different parts of the country on a far larger scale, most notably timber and iron ore. Economic liberalization as well as universal schooling contributed to the rapid industrialization and by the 1890s the country had begun to develop an advanced manufacturing industry. In the 20th century a welfare state began to emerge. Today, Sweden is a generally considered a modern post-industrial country dominated by social liberal political ideas.
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Chalmers University of Technology/ University of Göteborg - Department of Analytical and Marine Chemistry
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Göteborg University - Department of Marine Ecology. Ongoing activities at the department include undergraduate education in marine ecology (including education for masters degree) and postgraduate education (lic.- and PhD-exams) as well as research, development, information and consulting activities.
Göteborg University - Marine Science Centre
Meta Description: [ Göteborg University Marine Research Centre ]
Gothenburg University - Ocean Climate Group is a research group within the Department of Earth Sciences. Research interests of the group include both theoretical and experimental studies of the ocean and of the water, energy and material transports into the ocean.
Meta Description: [ The Ocean Climate group is a research group within the Department of Earth Sciences: Oceanography, Göteborg University. ]
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Kristineberg Marine Research Station - is located on the Swedish West Coast in Fiskebäckskil, 120 kilometers north of Gothenburg. The station was founded in 1877 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is now jointly run by the Academy and Göteborg University.
Marine System Analysis Group - A research group within the Department of Oceanography, Earth Sciences Centre, Gothenburg University.
Meta Description: [ The Marine System Analysis group is a research group within the Department of Oceanography, Earth Sciences Centre, Göteborg University. ]
Stockholm University - Department of Systems Ecology, Marine ecosystem modelling and benthic and pelagic ecology.
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Stockholm University - Marine Research Centre
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute - has a unique competence within the fields of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography. .
Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory - located on the east side of the Koster Fjord in the county of Bohuslän on the Swedish westcoast and belongs to the Universities of Göteborg and Stockholm.
Umeå University - Marine Sciences Centre
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