Gourt > Science > Earth Sciences > Geology > Volcanoes (9)
A volcano is a geological landform usually generated by the eruption through a vent in a planet's surface of magma, molten rock welling up from the planet's interior. Volcanoes of various types are found on other planets and their moons as well as on earth. Roughly defined, a volcano consists of a magma chamber, pipes and vents. The magma chamber is where magma from deep within the planet pools, while pipes are channels that lead to surface vents, openings in the volcano's surface through which lava is ejected during an eruption.
Though the common perception of a volcano as a mountain spewing lava and poisonous gases from a crater in its top is not wrong per se, the features of volcanoes are much more complicated and vary from volcano to volcano depending on a number of factors. Some volcanoes even have rugged peaks formed by lava domes rather than a summit crater, whereas yet others present landscape features such as massive plateaus. Vents that issue volcanic material (lava, which is what magma is called once it has broken the surface, and ash) and gases (mainly steam and magmatic gases) can be located anywhere on the landform. Many of these vents give rise to smaller cones such as Puu Ōō on a flank of Hawaii's Kīlauea.
Other types of volcanoes include ice volcanoes (particularly on some moons of Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune) and mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes are formations often not associated with known magmatic activity. Active mud volcanoes tend to involve temperatures much lower than those of igneous volcanoes, except when a mud volcano is actually a vent of an igneous volcano. On Earth, volcanoes tend to occur near the boundaries of crustal plates. Important exceptions exist in hotspot volcanoes, which occur at locations far from plate boundaries; hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system, especially on its rocky planets and moons.
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Volcano World - Great source of volcano information on the Web
Meta Description: [ The Web's Premier Source of Volcano Info ]
Research Plus: Volcano - Encarta Encyclopedia volcano article.
Meta Description: [ Volcano, mountain or hill formed by the accumulation of materials erupted through one or more openings (called volcanic vents) in the earth's surface.... ]
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Activity Report (Weekly) - Data on new activity and unrest, and ongoing activity at volcanoes throughout the world.
All About Volcanoes - The science, history, lore, adventure, and beauty of the world's volcanoes.
Decade Volcano -- Santorini Greece - Information, photos, links and travel to Santorini, Stromboli, and other active volcanoes.
Meta Description: [ Information, photos, tours to active volcanoes worldwide. Etna volcano, Stromboli volcano, Santorini volcanic island,
Methana, Hawaii volcanoes, volcanoes in Java, Indonesia ]
Eruptions of Mount St. Helens - Online version of a United States Geological Survey brochure on the history and geology of eruptions at Mount St. Helens.
Etna - Europe's most active volcano comes back to life.
Meta Description: [ Europe's most active volcano comes back to life ]
Etna Volcano Page - Pictures and history of Etna volcano.
Meta Description: [ , Find top vacations packages in sicily, accommodations in taormina and cheap catania italy hotels ]
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Global Volcanism Program - Smithsonian Institution's complete background and eruption information on 1500 volcanoes during the past 10,000 years.
Meta Description: [ The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 10,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of c... ]
Hawaiian and Other Volcanoes - Eclectic site focused on Hawaiian volcanoes with links and cams to other volcanoes worldwide.
Indonesia Adventure - Information on Indonesia and some of its volcanoes.
Italy's Volcanoes - Contains current information about Mt Etna and other Italian volcanoes.
Meta Description: [ Presentation and description of all major Italian volcanoes and
volcanic areas with maps, photos and reference lists, and links for further
information ]
Italy's Volcanoes: The Cradle of Volcanology - Presentation and description of all major Italian volcanoes and volcanic areas with maps, photos and reference lists, and links for further information.
Meta Description: [ Presentation and description of all major Italian volcanoes and
volcanic areas with maps, photos and reference lists, and links for further
information ]
Links to Volcano Information - Excellent data on Latin American volcanoes, professors of volcanology, volcano observatories, and Canadian volcanoes.
Michigan Technological University Volcanoes - Provides information about volcanic hazard mitigation.
Mount Pelee Volcano, Martinique - All about this deadly volcano and its beautiful Caribbean setting.
Meta Description: [ A la découverte de la montagne Pelée, volcan de Martinique: informations, histoire, éruptions, 1902, risques volcaniques, photos... ]
Mount St. Helens - Fact sheet of Mount St. Helens volcanic activity 1980 to 2000.
Paricutin - Relive the story of the Paricutin volcano, from its birth to its eruption between 1943 and 1952.
Physical Volcanology - The volcanoes of southern Italy
Meta Description: [ The volcanoes of Southern Italy, Vesuvius, Etna, Campi Flegrei, Stromboli Vulcano. The eruption history, the evaluation of volcanic risk. The excursions ]
Russia's Volcanoes - Guide to volcanoes of Kamchatka with images.
Meta Description: [ About volcanoes of Kamchatka, Russia.Includes photos and a text introduction about Russia's volcanoes. ]
Smithsonian Institution - Global Volcanism Program - Focuses on Holocene erruption information. Features volcanic activity reports and alerts along with comprehensive data regarding individual volcanoes.
Meta Description: [ The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 10,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of c... ]
Stromboli Volcano - Data on Stromboli Volcano in Italian.
U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program - Monitors volcanoes and collects scientific information on volcanoes in the United States and elsewhere to reduce the risk from volcanic activity.
Meta Description: [ A comprehensive overview of the U.S. Geological
Survey's Volcano Hazards Program and current volcanic activity in the
United States. The Volcano Hazards Program monitors volcanoes
and collects the best possible scientific information on volcanoes in the
... ]
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Update on Current Volcanic Activity - Reports of recent and current eruptive activity around the world.
Virtually Hawaii - Hawaii satellite images, Virtual field trips and flights past the volcanoes.
Meta Description: [ Hawaii satellite images, Virtual Field Trips, Hawaii Geology & More! ]
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Volcano Forum - Online discussion for volcanology.
Volcano Live - Provides information about volcanoes, eruption, and volcano treks, and links to other volcano educational sites. Includes links to volcano-cams.
Meta Description: [ Volcano Live - breaking news, adventure travel, film and television production. ]
Volcanoes and Volcanism - Comprehensive site with news about latest activity in English, German, and Norwegian.
Meta Description: [ Vulkaner og vulkanisme: litt info rundt - og noen linker. english text ,
natur, ville dyr, fugler, fisk, sjødyr, flora og blomster, lanzarote, fuerteventura og la gomera reiseskildringer med mye mere.... ]
Volcanoes in New Zealand - New Zealand is volcano country with recent eruptions at White Island and Ruapehu. Site has photos, references, links, and books.
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Volcanoes of Canada - Resource for Canadian volcanology with general overviews of volcanism and associated hazards, deposits, and monitoring efforts.
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Volcanoes of the Africa Region - Learn about specific volcanoes
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Volcanoes of the Central Andes - Compilation of information on the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, between latitudes 14ºand 28ºS of the Andean cordillera.
Volcanoes of the United States - Detailed information about US volcanoes by Steven R. Brantley of the U.S. Geological Survey.
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