Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling below) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, tasteless, odorless, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form, is a yellow crystaline solid. In nature, it can be found as the pure element or as sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in two amino acids. Its commercial uses are primarily in fertilizers but it is also widely used in gunpowder, matches, insecticides and fungicides.
Sulfur in the solid state ordinarily exists as cyclic crown-shaped S8 molecules. Sulfur has many allotropes besides S8. Removing one atom from the crown gives S7, which is responsible for sulfur's distinctive yellow color. Many other rings have been prepared, including S12 and S18. By contrast, its lighter neighbor oxygen only exists in two states of chemical significance: O2 and O3. Selenium, the heavier analogue of sulfur can form rings but is more often found as a polymer chain.
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ChemGlobe: Sulfur - Electronic, thermal, and steric data along with basic information.
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WebElements: Sulfur - Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties of the element.
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Wikipedia: Sulfur - Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.
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