Gourt > Science > Chemistry > Elements > Neptunium
Neptunium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Np and atomic number 93. A silvery radioactive metallic element, neptunium is the first transuranic element and belongs to the actinide series. Its most stable isotope, 237Np, is a by-product of nuclear reactors and plutonium production and it can be used as a component in neutron detection equipment. Neptunium is also found in trace amounts in uranium ores.
Notable characteristics
Silvery in appearance, neptunium metal is fairly chemically reactive and is found in at least three structural modifications:
- alpha-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20.25 Mg/m3,
- beta-neptunium (above 280 °C), tetragonal, density (313 °C) 19.36 Mg/m3, and
- gamma-neptunium (above 577 °C), cubic, density (600 °C) 18 Mg/m3.
This element has four ionic oxidation states while in solution:
- Np+3 (pale purple), analogous to the rare earth ion Pm+3,
- Np+4 (yellow green);
- NpO2+ (green blue): and
- NpO2++ (pale pink).
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Britannica Nobel Prize: Neptunium - Overview and basic data.
ChemGlobe: Neptunium - Electronic, thermal, and steric data along with an isotope table.
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ChemicalElements.com: Neptunium - Basic information, atomic structure, and isotopes table.
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EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Neptunium - Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
It's Elemental: Neptunium - Basic physical and historical information.
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LANL: Neptunium - Basic information and history.
Lenntech: Neptunium - Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.
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Neptunium - Data tables and historic information.
Visual Elements: Neptunium - General and physical information, source, and key isotopes.
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WebElements: Neptunium - Extensive information on history, uses, compounds, and properties.
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Wikipedia: Neptunium - Notable characteristics, history, occurrence, isotopes, and weapons applications.
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