Iodine (from the Greek word Iodes, meaning "violet"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is required as a trace element for most living organisms. Chemically, iodine is the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive halogen. It should be noted that astatine is expected to be even less reactive and more electropositive, but the rarity of astatine makes it difficult to confirm this. Iodine is primarily used in medicine, photography and in dyes.
As with all other halogens (members of Group VII in the Periodic Table), iodine forms diatomic molecules, and hence, has the molecular formula of I2.
= Occurrence on earth = Iodine occurs in the environment chiefly as disolved iodide in seawater. However, it is present in some minerals and soils as well. The element may be prepared in an ultrapure form through the reaction of potassium iodide with copper (II) sulfate. There are also several other methods of isolating this element. Although the element is actually quite rare, kelp and certain other plants have the ability to concentrate iodine, which helps introduce the element into the food chain as well as keeping its cost down.
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Halogens :: Elements

ChemGlobe: Iodine - Electronic, thermal, and steric data along with an isotope table.
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ChemicalElements.com: Iodine - Basic information, atomic structure, and table of isotopes.
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EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Iodine - Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides.
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Iodine - Data tables and historic information.
It's Elemental: Iodine - Basic physical and historical information.
Meta Description: [ The Element Iodine - Basic Physical and Historical Information ]
LANL: Iodine - History, sources, uses, properties, and isotopes.
Lenntech: Iodine - Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects.
Meta Description: [ chemical properties, health and environmental effects of iodine ]
Radiochemistry of Iodine - Full text of the monograph by Jacob Kleinberg (University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico and University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas). [PDF]
USGS Minerals Information: Iodine - Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of the element (PDF format).
Meta Description: [ Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of iodine ]
Visual Elements: Iodine - General and physical information, source, uses, biological role, key isotopes, and ionisation energies.
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WebElements: Iodine - Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties.
Meta Description: [ This WebElements periodic table page contains key information for the element iodine ]
Wikipedia: Iodine - Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics.
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