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Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms, and no other elements. They consist of monosaccharide sugars of varying chain lengths and that have the general chemical formula Cn(H2O)n or are derivatives of such.
Certain carbohydrates are an important storage and transport form of energy in most organisms, including plants and animals. Carbohydrates are classified by their number of sugar units: monosaccharides (such as glucose and fructose), disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose), oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose).
Pure carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in a 1:2:1 molar ratio, giving the general formula Cn(H2O)n. (This applies only to monosaccharides, see below, although all carbohydrates have the more general formula Cn(H2O)m.) However, many important "carbohydrates" deviate from this, such as deoxyribose and glycerol, although they are not, in the strict sense, carbohydrates. Sometimes compounds containing other elements are also counted as carbohydrates (e.g. chitin, which contains nitrogen).
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Chitin and Chitosan - Resource on preparation of monomer and oligosaccharide, isolated from crustaceans shells, with structure, spectra, techniques, test systems, beads and applications. Includes searchable annotated references, from Dalwoo-chitoSan, Seoul, Korea.
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ExPASy: GlycoMod Tool - Online software for prediction the possible oligosaccharide structures in glycoproteins from their experimentally determined masses. Maintained by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.
Proteoglycans - Information on various forms, including hyaluronan, proteoglycan groups, glycosaminoglycans, biosynthesis, structure, isolation, separation, purification and analysis at the Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, Finland.
| Chris Freytag: The Truth About Carbohydrates |
