Gourt > Science > Biology > Immunology > Antibodies (2)
An antibody is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. This is because at the two tips of its "Y", it has structures akin to locks. Every lock only has one key, in this case, its own antigen. When the key is inserted into the lock, the antibody activates, tagging or neutralizing its target. The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.
Definition
Picture: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/ANTIBODY.gif
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins in the immunoglobulin superfamily that function as antibodies. The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably. They are found in the blood and tissue fluids, as well as many secretions. In structure, they are globulins (in the γ-region of protein electrophoresis). They are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells that are derived from the B cells of the immune system. B cells are activated upon binding to their specific antigen and differentiate into plasma cells. In some cases, the interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is also necessary.
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JohnnyDelirious (Johnny Delirious) Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:18:50 -0000
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JohnnyDelirious (Johnny Delirious) Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:18:35 -0000
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JohnnyDelirious (Johnny Delirious) Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:18:21 -0000
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Alzforum: Antibody Directory - Tables describing antibodies used in laboratories and from manufacturers, organised by antigen.
Meta Description: [ The Alzheimer Research Forum, a dynamic online scientific knowledge base, reports on the latest Alzheimer's scientific research and develops databases of genes, scientific articles, animal models, antibodies, medications, grants, research jobs, and more. ]
Antibodies - Structure and Sequence - Attempts to summarize useful information on antibody structure and sequence. Provides a query interface to the Kabat antibody sequence data, general information on antibodies and crystal structures, and links.
Antibodies and Therapy - Article on the history of vaccination, the role of the humoral response in organ and bone marrow transplantation, leukaemia and lymphoma, and rheumatoid disease. Includes links to laboratories at the Therapeutic Antibody Centre, Oxford, UK.
Meta Description: [ Research in Therapeutic Immunology ]
Antibody Questions - Interface to introduce the various immunoassays in current use, production and purification methods, labeling and assay development, from a manufacturer, with worldwide distribution in Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, IL.
Meta Description: [ Pierce carrier proteins and adjuvants for producing antibodies, titering and isotyping kits for characterizing antibodies, affinity supports for purifying antibodies, and immobilized proteases and kits for preparing antibody fragments. ]
Conjugation of monoclonal antibodies - Straightforward procedures for conjugation of proteins (mainly antibodies) to fluorescent dyes.
Endotoxin-Core Antibodies - An explanation of the use of this assay in studies of endotoxemia in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Meta Description: [ Endotoxin Core Antibody (EndoCAb) clinical and serological research ]
ExactAntigen - Database for searching and browsing commercial, academic and therapeutical monoclonal antibodies through gene name, accession number, taxonomy, ontology, disease, and amino acid sequences.
Meta Description: [ A comprehensive resource for gene-specific and species-specific reagents ]
HLA Matching, Antibodies, and You - Tissue matching and antibody production, for patients undergoing a transplant.
Humanization bY Design - Resources describing the process of creating humanized antibodies, their uses and their history. Maintained by Birkbeck College, London, UK.
Meta Description: [ antibod, humani, immunoglob, saldanha, antibody, antibodies, humanised, humanized, humanise, humanize ]
Mike's Immunoglobulin Structure and Function - Molecular images, history of monoclonal antibodies, activity related to sequence, and humanisation for therapy. Includes information on the maintainer and his research group at Cambridge, UK.
Meta Description: [ An academic research and teaching
resource devoted to immunoglobulin structure and function ]
Monoclonal Antibodies - Introduction, uses (including in human medicine), problems and what may happen in the future.
MSRS Catalog of Primary Antibodies - Database of immunoglobulins, monoclonals and whole sera, to nucleic acids and markers, with host and antigen species, clone and isotype id, and distribution details. Includes online demo with CD available for purchase from Key West, Florida.
Muscle Autoantibodies - Antibodies and complement in myopathies and neuromuscular junction disorders. Maintained by Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Pluckthun, Andreas - Laboratory concentrating on protein engineering and directed molecular evolution, especially of immunoglobulins. Includes PDFs of molecular structures, publications since 1985, and contacts at the University of Zurich in Switzerland.
Meta Description: [ The Plueckthun Lab concentrates on protein engineering and
directed molecular evolution, especially of antibodies ]
The Antibody Resource Page - Resource guide to antibody research and suppliers.
Meta Description: [ Find your antibody and much more on the Antibody Resource Page! There are links to antibody suppliers, educational websites, custom/contract monoclonal and polyclonal Ab producers, an antibody gallery, and much more. ]
The Mouse in Science: Monoclonal Antibodies - Brief overview, ELISA information, and ethics.
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