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The history of biology traces man's understanding of the living world from the earliest recorded history to modern times. Though the concept of biology as a single coherent field of knowledge only arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to the ancient Greeks (particularly Galen and Aristotle, respectively).
During the Renaissance and Age of Discovery, renewed interest in empiricism as well as the rapidly increasing number of known organisms led to significant developments in biological thought; Vesalius inaugurated the rise of experimentation and careful observation in physiology, and a series of naturalists culminating with Linnaeus and Buffon began to create a conceptual framework for analyzing the diversity of life and the fossil record, as well as the development and behavior of plants and animals. The growing importance of natural theology—partly a response to the rise of mechanical philosophy—was also an important impetus for the growth of natural history (though it also further entrenched the argument from design).
In the 18th century many fields of science—including botany, zoology, and geology—began to professionalize, forming the precursors of scientific disciplines in the modern sense (though the process would not be complete until the late 1800s). Lavoisier and other physical scientists began to connect the animate and inanimate worlds through the techniques and theory of physics and chemistry. Into the 19th century, explorer-naturalists such as Alexander von Humboldt tried to elucidate the interactions between organisms and their environment, and the ways these relationships depend on geography—creating the foundations for biogeography, ecology and ethology. Many naturalists began to reject essentialism and seriously consider the possibilities of extinction and the mutability of species. These developments, as well as the results of new fields such as embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The end of the 19th century saw debates over spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease and the fields of cytology, bacteriology and physiological chemistry, though the problem of inheritance was still a mystery.
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Histology Center - Histology section includes exams, courses, techniques and procedures, and tissue preservation resources.
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Digital Atlas of Histology - Brazilian atlas with high resolution microscopic images, designed for bimedical students and professionals.
Histology - Biol 305 - Includes class notes, course objectives and old exams. Also, has related resource links. Written by Craig S. Hood from Loyola University in Louisiana, USA.
Histology on the WWW - Contains links to sites with images, protocols and techniques, and general histology resources.
Histology World - Links, books, mnemonics and information about histology for undergraduate and graduate anatomy, medical, dental, and other health professional students. Includes reviews and recommendations.
Meta Description: [ A comprehensive, fun and entertaining site devoted exclusively to histology.
Learning histology was never so easy! This site includes histology quizzes, histology games, slides, mnemonics, histology puzzles and tons of information
about histology. One of the best histology sites on the int... ]
Internet Atlas of Histology - More than 1000 labeled images, with descriptions, practice labs, and quizzes. Created by the UIUC College of Medicine.
JayDoc HistoWeb - A comprehensive histology atlas from the Kansas University Medical Center.
Meta Description: [ A comprehensive histology atlas. High-res images, complete descriptions, and easy navigation. Perfect for med students. ]
Laboratory of Histology and Embryology - Research focusing on histology, cell biology, microscopy, neurobiology, and stereology. From the University of Oporto, Portugal.
LUMEN Histology - Lesson plans with slides and practicals for the Loyola University Medical Education Network histology course.
National Society for Histotechnology - Incorporated in 1974 for the purpose of advancing professional growth, standards, knowledge and performance of histotechnology through continuing and formal education programs.
The Biological Stain Commission - Quality control organization for biological dyes and stains. Publications, services, histology links, and protocols are provided.
UC-Davis Human Microscopic Anatomy - Thorough atlas with hyperlinked notes and slides, as well as good organ reviews by slides, study set of slides, and sample quizzes.
University of Delaware Mammalian Histology - Course syllabus and class resources, including microscopic images, ultrastructural images, 3-D models, and labelled diagrams.
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University of Pennsylvania Histology Homepage - Slides arranged by tissue or organ types, for non-human mammals and birds. From School of Veterinary Medicine.
Vanderbilt University Medical School Cell and Tissue Biology - Lesson plans for blood, epithelium, nervous tissues, salivary glands, and exocrine pancreas tissues.
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