A map is a simplified depiction of a space, a navigational aid which highlights relations between objects within that space. Most usually a map is a two-dimensional, geometrically accurate representation of a three-dimensional space. The science and art of map-making is cartography; see that page for further discussion of the history of maps and map-making.
Map-making dates back to the Stone Age and appears to predate written language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps is painted on a wall of the Catal Huyuk settlement in south-central Anatolia (now Turkey); it dates from about 6200 BC.
While we tend to think of maps today as products of a rationalistic, scientific world-view, maps also have a mythic quality. Pre-modern maps, and mapping traditions outside the Western tradition, often merge geography with non-scientific cosmography, showing the relationship of the viewer to the universe. Medieval "T-O" maps, for example, show Jerusalem at the centre of the world, and in some cases related the "body" of the Earth to the body of Christ. By contrast, navigational (or "Portolan") charts of the Mediterranean from the same period are remarkably accurate. Even today, maps can be powerful rhetorical tools beyond their purely practical value, and this has been the source of much fruitful map criticism over the last twenty years, notably in the works of J.B. Harley, Mark Monmonier, and Denis Wood.
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Bodymap - Data bank of expression information of human and mouse genes, novel or known, in various tissues or cell types and various timings. Includes summary statistics and a downloadable dataset .
Bruns Laboratory - Database of novel human ancient sequence genes that define new protein families.
Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) - Maintains a database of genotypes for genetic markers in the reference families for linkage mapping of the human chromosomes. Includes project scope, marker submission, and data dumps.
Chromosome 7 Annotation Project - A research community initiative for functional and medical annotation of this chromosome. Toronto Centre for Applied Genomics.
Cooperative Human Linkage Center - Genetic maps showing the positions of genetic markers. The maps are searchable by name. Includes project information and publications.
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Entrez - Retrieval system for searching several linked databases. It provides access to a range of subjects including nucleotide and protein sequence databases, three-dimensional macromolecular structures, and genome assemblies.
Meta Description: [ Simultaneously search multiple life sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). ]
GeneCards - Offers information about human genes and their mouse homologs, with a focus on cellular functions and involvement in diseases. Features a what's new section and data sources.
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GenomeMatrix - Provides access to the multi-gene cross species database, which uses a graphical interface to analyse whole genome regions from several species and displays gene orthologs.
Meta Description: [ RZPD Deutsches Ressourcenzentrum fuer Genomforschung GmbH - More than 35 million clones and related products and services. ]
GenomeNet - Japanese network of database and computational services for genomic and related research in molecular and cellular biology. Includes a range of databases and an encyclopedia of genes and genomes.
Meta Description: [ GenomeNet is a Japanese network of database and computational services for genome research and related research areas in biomedical sciences. ]
Human Telomere Mapping and Sequencing - Integration of available mapping and sequencing data into a single annotated reference map and sequence for each telomere. Includes an interactive chromosome atlas .
Meta Description: [ Integration of available human telomere mapping and sequencing data into a single annotated reference map and sequence for each human telomere is the goal of this WEB site. ]
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Skeletal Gene Database - Multi-institute project aimed at understanding the functional genome of bone and other skeletal tissues. Features libraries, data analysis tools, methology, and array data.
The Genome Database - The official central repository for genomic mapping data resulting from the Human Genome Initiative. Comprises descriptions of regions and maps of the human genome and variations within.
TIGR Human Gene Index (HGI) - Integrates results from international research projects. Includes data on expression patterns, cellular roles, functions, and evolutionary relationships.
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