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Orchids (Orchidaceae family) are the largest and most diverse of the flowering plant (Angiospermae) families, with over 800 described genera and 25,000 species. Some sources give 30,000 species, but the exact number is unknown since classification differs greatly in the academic world. Revisions of different genera occur on a monthly basis and this will increase with the growing use of genetic research and biochemistry. There are another 100,000+ hybrids and cultivars produced by horticulturalists, created since the introduction of tropical species in the 19th century. The Kew World Checklist of Orchids includes about 24,000 accepted species. About 800 new species are added each year. Orchids, through their interactions with pollinators and their symbiosis with mycorrhizae fungi, are considered by some, along with the grasses, to be examples of the most advanced (derived) floral evolution known. __TOC__ Orchids get their name from the Greek orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of subterranean tuberoids of the genus Orchis. The word "orchis" was first used by Theophrastos (372/371287/286 BC), in his book "De historia plantarum" (The natural history of plants). He was a student of Aristotle and is considered the father of botany and ecology.

All orchid species are protected for the purposes of international commerce under CITES as potentially threatened or endangered in their natural habitat, with most species listed under Appendix II. A number of species and genera are afforded protection under Appendix I, including all of Paphiopedilum and all of Phragmipedium. Many other species are protected by both international and national legislation, while hybrids are specifically exempted.

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Orchids, like the grasses and the palms, which they resemble in some ways—for instance the form of their leaves, are monocotyledons. They have one cotyledon, or embryo leaf, in contrast to the two of most flowering plants.

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Bibliorchidea - Online subscriber database with thousands of references to orchidacaea literature. The service also offers ordering of hardcopies of selected texts.

500 Description of Orchidaceae - Habit and leaf form; Anatomy; Morphology; Physiology; Biochemistry; Geography.
Meta Description: [ Description of Orchidaceae Juss., generated from a DELTA database. ]

Estonian Orchids - Features list of species with photos and descriptions as well as their distribution in this country. Includes information on the Estonian Orchid Protection Club.

Keir's Botanical Photo Archive - Orchidaceae - Images from the US.
Meta Description: [ Pictures of plants in the Orchidaceae family ]

Knapp's Orchid Pictures - Large collection of photographs of many different species. [Javascript required]
Meta Description: [ Orchids at Jens Knapp's Homepage ]

Native Orchid Conservation - Manitoba - A non-profit organization whose purpose is to protect unique mini-ecosystems and their plant communities. Includes photo gallery of orchids in Manitoba, Canada.

Native Orchids - Information on wild orchids in Denmark and links.
Meta Description: [ Web site hosting, e-commerce solutions and domain name registration from NetNation. From shared hosting to managed dedicated servers, NetNation is your hosting company. ]

NativeOrchids - Email list covering wild native orchids, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.
Meta Description: [ NativeOrchids: Forum for discussing All Aspects of Live ]

Orchid Research Newsletter - Twice-yearly newsletter published by the Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, available on the web in Word and PDF formats. Upcoming conferences, recent nomenclature references, book reviews, and news from correspondents.

Orchid Species Photographs - A large alphabetized photo gallery by Eric Hunt.
Meta Description: [ Eric Hunt's Orchid Species Photography page ]

OrchidMania: Orchid Species of the World - Online orchid encyclopedia with information and images arranged by genus and species.

Orchids of Cilento (Southern Italy) - More than 200 photographs of the wild orchids of Cilento National Park in southern Italy.
Meta Description: [ Orchidee del Cilento - Il sito dedicato alle orchidee spontanee dei monti del Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo di Diano (Appennino meridionale), con oltre 200 fotografie ]

Orchids of the United States - Information, images, and range maps for all species native to the US. Arranged by state and scientific name.

Papua New Guinea Orchid News - Includes genus descriptions, drawings, photos, and links.
Meta Description: [ Papua New Guinea Orchid News: explore this orchid island paradise from your desktop! ]

Spider Orchids - Links to photographs of the genus Caladenia.
Meta Description: [ Spider orchids, the genus Caladenia ]

Taxonomy of the Orchid Family - Follows the classification system of Robert Louis Dressler, which is widely accepted by botanists and growers.

Terrestrial Orchids of North America - In situ photographs of by Gordon Bowbrick.
Meta Description: [ Photographs of North American native terrestrial orchids ]

The Orchidaceae - Brief details of the family, and descriptions and photographs of a range of its members.

404 The Pleurothallid List - Site devoted to this tribe of neotropical orchids, including genuses Lepanthes, Masdevallia, and Pleurothallis. Primarily contains photos of various species.

The Sobralia Pages - Resource for sobralia and related genuses, including taxonomical references, photos and description of species, distribution maps, and bibliography.
Meta Description: [ This website is dedicated to the genus Sobralia, a genus of orchids native to Central and South America. It includes listings, descriptions, and illustrations of all known species and hybrids, a complete bibliography, as well as award history, cultural information, sobralias depicted on postage s... ]

404 Werkgroep Masdevallia - Study group in the Netherlands for South American genuses Dracula and Masdevallia. Listing of species with native altitude ranges, and information on native habitat and culture. [Dutch/English]

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