The sponges or poriferans (from the Greek poros "pore" and ferro "to bear") are animals of the phylum Porifera. They are primitive, sessile, mostly marine, water dwelling filter feeders that pump water through their bodies to filter out particles of food matter. Sponges are among the simplest of animals. With no true tissues (parazoa), they lack muscles, nerves, and internal organs. Their similarity to colonial choanoflagellates shows the probable evolutionary jump from unicellular to multicellular organisms. There are over 5,000 modern species of sponges known, and they can be found attached to surfaces anywhere from the intertidal zone to as deep as 8,500 m (29,000 feet) or further. Though the fossil record of sponges dates back to the Precambrian era, new species are still commonly discovered.
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McMurdo Sound, Antarctica - Beautiful annotated photographs of sponges (Porifera) of Antarctica.
Hermit Crab Sponges - An article by Floyd Sandford about the sponges that are carried around by hermit crabs.
Introduction to Porifera - A good start on the biology of sponges, including phylogeny, life history, and ecology.
Khoyatan Sponge Page - Sponges of The Northeast Pacific - Photographs of four Classes of sponges in the Khoyatan Marine Laboratory.
Phylum Porifera (Sponges) - Description of the sponges and their taxonomy, from the Animal Diversity Web.
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Porifera Biology on the WWW - A central clearinghouse for sponge researchers, including a porifera listserver bulletin board and who's who in sponge research.
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The Sponges of British Columbia - Descriptions of sponges by Curt Smecher.
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