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Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "knowing man") under the family Hominidae (the great apes).Taxonomy of living primates, Minnesota State University Mankato, retrieved April 4, 2005. Humans have a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language and introspection. This, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make greater use of tools than any other species.

Like most primates, humans are by nature social. However, humans are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression and the exchange of ideas. Humans create complex social structures composed of co-operating and competing groups, ranging in scale from nations to individual families, and social interaction between humans has established a variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws which form the basis of human society. Humans also have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which, combined with the human desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, literature and music.

Humans are also noted for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through science, religion, philosophy and mythology. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills; humans are the only known species to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other technologies.

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@TheBobbyG JP was the pinnacle of the science. It's been all downhill since then. Human Genome Project? SMH
3lder (Chris Elder) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:42:24 -0000
@TheBobbyG JP was the pinnacle of the science. It's been all downhill since then. Human Genome Project? SMH
@MrSabur moor does mean black as far as my research however legally black persons are not human
studio7design (Randall Croley) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:33:23 -0000
@MrSabur moor does mean black as far as my research however legally black persons are not human
"To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic." -Alphonse de Lamartine
AnnaTaylors (Anna Taylor) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:33:23 -0000
"To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic." -Alphonse de Lamartine
To Make the Imagined Real: It is a desire as old as human kind, to make the imagined real. Pygmalion imagined a woman... http://ad.vu/qacd
ahynes1 (Aldon Hynes) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:32:09 -0000
To Make the Imagined Real: It is a desire as old as human kind, to make the imagined real. Pygmalion imagined a woman... http://ad.vu/qacd
The human mouth is disgusting.
astericpetals (Monica Wiles) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:30:09 -0000
The human mouth is disgusting.
Why do u know this...lol? RT @wayansjr: #omgfacts sheep vagina is the most similar 2 human vagina out of any animal on earth.
MissKnowsItAll (Black Chocolate Girl) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 22:05:30 -0000
Why do u know this...lol? RT @wayansjr: #omgfacts sheep vagina is the most similar 2 human vagina out of any animal on earth.

 
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Human Evolution Yahoo! Group - A forum for the scientific discussion of paleoanthropology, paleoprimatology, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, stone age archeology, human origins, primate biology, and primate evolution.
Meta Description: [ paleoanthropology: Paleoprimatology & Human Evolution ]

A Brain for All Seasons: Human Evolution - Offers an outline of William Calvin's from his book about a theory about human brain evolution and climate change.
Meta Description: [ One of the most shocking scientific realizations of all time has slowly been dawning on us: the earth’s climate does great flip-flops every few thousand years, and with breathtaking speed. Many times in the lives of our ancestors, the climate abruptly cooled, just within several years. Worse w... ]

A Look at Our Ancestors - Humboldt University's summary of the hominid evolutionary line, with species involved grouped by genus.
Meta Description: [ Human Evolution - A look at our ancestors. ]

404 A Multimedia Guide to the Fossil Record - An interactive online textbook. [requires Shockwave plugin]

An Essay on Human Evolution - A speculative essay on primate evolution in East Africa in the period between approximately five million years BCE and two and one-half million years BCE, during which significant pre-human evolution took place and ending when recognizably-human, tool-using creatures first emerged.
Meta Description: [ A speculative essay on primate evolution in East Africa in the period between approximately five million years BCE and two and one-half million years BCE, during which significant pre-human evolution took place and ending when recognizably-human, tool-using creatures first emerged. ]

Archaeology Info - Comprehensive human evolution and archaeology online resource for amateurs and experts alike.
Meta Description: [ Archaeology Info is a human evolution and archaeology resource. Our human evolution site contains valuable information about human origins, fossils, and the evolution of species over time. ]

Australian and Asian Palaeoanthropology - Information and teaching resources on human evolution and the hominid fossil record from Australia, East Asia and South-East Asia.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to Peter Brown's Palaeoanthropology pages at the University of New England, NSW, Australia. This page contains information on human evolution and the hominid fossil record from Australia, East Asia and South-East Asia. Research and teaching resources are also available ]

BBC News: 'Oldest' Ape-man Fossils Revealed - Scientists unveiled the remains of a hominid said to be six million years old.
Meta Description: [ A team of scientists unveil the remains of an ape-man said to be six million years old - twice the age of the oldest known so far. ]

BBC News: Asteroids May Have Affected Human Evolution - The ascent of mankind could have been influenced by frequent cosmic catastrophes.
Meta Description: [ The ascent of mankind could have been influenced by frequent cosmic catastrophes, say researchers. ]

Becoming Human - Arizona State University's Institute for Human Origins reviews four million years of human evolution in an interactive documentary. Includes an extensive glossary, a bibliography, and an annotated set of links. [Requires Flash and a high-speed connection.]
Meta Description: [ An extensive, information-rich online destination for paleoanthropology. The site includes an interactive documentary, educational exhibits, research tools, and the latest news from scientists across the globe. ]

Carboniferous Human Bones - A discussion and thorough critique of claims that human bones have been found in context with Carboniferous age geological formations.

Evolution's Arrow - Full text of a book presenting the author's views about directionality in evolution and its implications for human society.

Handprint : Ancestral Lines - Provides an'interactive' graph that maps the journey of our hominid ancestors from 5 million years ago to present day with descriptions of the various species.

Handy Clues to Ascent of Man - BBC News report on study suggesting that the precision grip of early modern humans may have allowed them to triumph over Neanderthals.
Meta Description: [ The precision grip of early modern humans may have allowed them to triumph over Neanderthals, new research suggests. ]

Hominid Evolution - Guided tour of the apes and our ancestors from the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, Scotland.
Meta Description: [ Fireworks Splice HTML ]

404 Hominid Sites Around The World - Interactive map of archaeological sites in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, with brief articles about major species and finds.

Human Evolution - A study of the evolution of hominids.
Meta Description: [ A study of the evolution of the human is necessary for the understanding of his cultural needs. ]

Human Evolution from Ape to Technological Man - Traces origins from ape ancestors such as Australopithecus to modern man. Talks about Neanderthals and their relationship to the gorilla and chimpanzee.
Meta Description: [ Humanity has evolved from a common ancestor with the chimpanzee. Human evolution traces this evolutionary history from non-human apes to technological man. ]

Human Evolution Pictures and Timelines - A collection of pictures and timelines depicting the evolution of human beings.

Human Evolution: The Fossil Evidence in 3D - 3D gallery of the skulls of five modern primate relatives and five fossil ancestors of humans contains, each of which may be rotated through 360 degrees. With accompanying descriptions.
Meta Description: [ An online 3D gallery of modern primate relatives and fossil human ancestors ]

Human Family Tree - Hominid descriptions including a timeline
Meta Description: [ This site is a collation of data about Human Evolution and the Human Family Tree. It also includes a Timeline. It was done by Koganti Viswa Tej from Victoria School, 1K ]

Human Origin - A proposal of an evolutionary explanation of the human bipedallity, sexual behaviour, language, and consciousness.
Meta Description: [ Man descends from tree-living arm-hanger apes.On the ground they walked upright. ]

Human Origin Program - Smithsonian Institution's journey through five million years of human evolution.
Meta Description: [ Web site of the Human Origins Program, Smithsonian Institution. Explore five million years of human evolution. ]

Human Origins - Radio program discusses fossil discoveries that may provide the earliest documented evidence of toolmaking, and push the origin of homo sapiens back more than 400,000 years. A discussion featuring Donald Johanson and Blake Edgar.
Meta Description: [ May 9, 1997, Hour Two:Human Origins ]

Human Origins and Development of Culture - Covers the development of humans from our ancestors. In module format.

Human Origins and Evolution in Africa - Links for primates, human evolution and paleoecology, course notes on Human Origins, and Jeanne Sept's personal web pages at Indiana University.

Human Origins and Prehistory - Class page to go along with Indiana University's anthropology class, A105. Lectures cover the human place among the pages, evolution theories, genetics and current research. Related resource links are included.

Human Origins Summary - Information and links to other sites.
Meta Description: [ Alan J. White - human origins - introduction ]

Human Prehistory - Exhibit that walks through the various stages of human evolution.

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Meta Description: [ Evolutionary biologists claim our instincts evolved during our distant days as hunter-gatherers. Not so, says NYU's Howard Bloom. Human genes have changed dramatically since we took to city-living a mere 10,000 years ago. ]

Institute of Human Origins - A non-profit, multidisciplinary research organization, affiliated with Arizona State University, dedicated to the recovery and analysis of the fossil evidence for human evolution.
Meta Description: [ Arizona State University Institute of Human Origins (IHO) conducts, interprets and publicizes scientific research on the human career. ]

Language Evolution and Computation Bibliography and Resources - Bibliographic resource for those researching the computational aspects of language evolution.

Leakey Foundation - Non profit organization site with several articles, glossary, and links section.
Meta Description: [ The mission of the Leakey Foundation is to increase scientific knowledge and public understanding of human origins and evolution. ]

Leakey.com: The Leakey Family - Leakey.com celebrates 100 years of the Leakey Family in East Africa.

Life and Times of Early Man - Overview of major groups of hominids.

Modern Human Origins - A reference site for information on human evolution, with images of hominid specimens arranged by species and site, papers written by C David Kreger, and a bibliography.

Mongoloids - An alternative explanation of human evolution evolution.

Nariokotome Reconstruction - Sculptural and forensic techniques used to approximate what the Nariokotome boy (KNM-WT-15000)looked like in life.
Meta Description: [ Techniques of forensic facial reconstruction used to determine the face of early human ancestors. ]

New Scientist: Chromosomes reveal surprise human-chimp differences - Comparisons of newly-sequenced chimpanzee chromosome 22 and its counterpart, human chromosome 21, show that while the DNA differences are small, they are spread out to affect 83 percent of the proteins coded for.
Meta Description: [ While just 1. 5 per cent of the shared DNA is different, deletions and insertions cause major changes to many proteins ]

New Scientist: Dawn of Human Race Uncovered - The discovery of three Ethiopian skulls from 160,000 years ago, showing almost completely modern features, lends new support to the Out-of-Africa hypothesis. Includes information about handling of skulls after death and dating techniques used.
Meta Description: [ Three fossil skulls from Ethiopia are revealed as the oldest human remains yet discovered, and place Africa as our birthplace ]

Origins and Evolution of Human Diet - Central repository of information and links pertaining to the study of the origins and evolution of human diet.
Meta Description: [ Central repository of information and links pertaining to the study of the origins and evolution of human diet. ]

Paleoanthropology in the 1990's - A series of fifteen essays about the most recent findings in the study of human origins and evolution.
Meta Description: [ A series of essays about the most recent findings in the study of human origins. ]

Prehistoric Cultures - Lecture notes for a course covering human and pre-human history.

Prominent Hominid Fossils - The list is sorted by species, going from older to more recent species. Within each species, finds are sorted by the order of their discovery. Each species has a type specimen which was used to define it.

Reflections on the Origins of Scavenging and Hunting in Early Hominids - An essay by James Q. Jacobs discussing when our earliest human ancestors first began to scavenge for meat and hunt. Includes references.
Meta Description: [ When did our earliest human ancestors first begin to scavenge for meat and first begin to hunt? This is a difficult question to answer ]

Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Toumai - Web Resources for Sahelanthropus tchadensis aka Toumai can be found here.
Meta Description: [ Learn about Toumai (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) at Sahelanthropus.com ]

404 Scientific American: Food for Thought - Article, by William R. Leonard, arguing that dietary change was a driving force in human evolution.
Meta Description: [ Science and Technology at Scientific American.com: Food for Thought -- [ EVOLUTION ] -- Science and Technology from Scientific American: daily science news and technology news, science trivia, science experts, science newsletters, science shop, science books and more ]

404 Scientific American: Stranger in a New Land - Stunning finds in the Republic of Georgia upend long-standing ideas about the first hominids to journey out of Africa
Meta Description: [ Science and Technology at Scientific American.com: Stranger in a New Land -- [ HUMAN EVOLUTION ] -- Science and Technology from Scientific American: daily science news and technology news, science trivia, science experts, science newsletters, science shop, science books and more ]

Spirituality and Evolution - This article discusses the evolutionary significance of spiritual development.
Meta Description: [ Humanity can free itself from the dictates of human nature through the use of practices contained in the world's great spiritual and religious traditions. ]

The Evolution of Humankind - An explanation of the evolution of life, from the big bang to the birth of civilization.
Meta Description: [ self development esteem help book motivation program site tape improvement ]

The Evolution of Man - Exhibit on the evolution of man at the Hooper Virtual Natural History Museum.

Theory of Human Evolution - The Emuseum's general overview of human evolution summarizing people in the study of human evolution, terms, hominid fossil images and links.
Meta Description: [ A general overview of human evolution with important people, terms hominid fossil images, and links. ]

Think Quest: Human Origins - Aimed at both students and educators alike, providing factual information and follow up questions about human origins.

404 Toba Volcano - New perspectives on human evolution. - Alternative explanation for current topics in human evolution.

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