Gourt > Science > Biology > Cell Biology > Cell Cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle (CDC), is the series of events in a eukaryotic cell between one cell division and the next. It consists of four phases: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase. M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's chromosomes are divided between the two daughter cells, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm physically divides. Cells that have temporarily or reversibly stopped dividing are said to have entered a state of quiescence called G0 phase, while cells that have permanently stopped dividing due to age or accumulated DNA damage are said to be senescent.
The molecular events that control the cell cycle are ordered and directional; that is, each process occurs in a sequential fashion and it is impossible to "reverse" the cycle. There are two key classes of regulatory molecules that determine a cell's progress through the cell cycle: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, and Paul M. Nurse won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of these central molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle.
Phases of the cell cycle
Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for entry into the next stage. It should be remembered that, throughout interphase, the cell carries out its normal metabolic activities and is actively engaging in transcription and translation of its genome. More on [ Cell cycle ]
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The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and the Genetics of Cancer - Basic introduction to the eukaryotic division, and its relationship to oncogenes and tumour suppression, from to genetics of cancer, from North Dakota State University, Fargo.
Blaha, Milan - Personal pages featuring molecular regulation, mammalian reproduction, cloning and genetics, from the Czech Republic.
Cell Division and Septation - Proteins and regulation involved in the cell division of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, submitted March 2002 by Danielle Power and Malcolm Wells at Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Cosmological Cell Biology - Mitosis described from an evolutionary perspective, with reference to Rudolf Steiner, as part of independent site from Sundbyberg, Sweden.
Meta Description: [ A contribution to the development of cell biology from a cosmological perspective ]
David and Eugene's Science Project - The cycles of mitosis and meiosis explained. Videoclips reguire Comet plugin.
Mitosis World - Information and resources for those studying mitosis and cytokinesis.
p53 Story - Information on the p53 tumor suppressor involved in cell cycle regulation.
The Cytokinetic Mafia - Contains movies depicting cytokinesis in many different organisms, links to labs that study cytokinesis all over the world, and links to members of laboratories throughout the USA.
Meta Description: [ a site devoted to the study of cytokinesis ]
Yeast Cell Cycle Analysis Project - Resource for information on yeast genes regulated over the cell division cycle, from Stanford University, California.
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