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- This article is about institutions as social mechanisms. Please see Organization for formal establishments.
Institutions are social structures and social mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of two or more individuals. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior. The term, institution, is commonly applied to customs and behavior patterns important to a society, as well as to particular formal organizations of government and public service. As structures and mechanisms of social order among humans, institutions are one of the principal objects of study in the social sciences, including sociology, political science and economics. Institutions are a central concern for law, the formal regime for political rule-making and enforcement. The creation and evolution of institutions is a primary topic for history.
Aspects of Institutions
Although individual, formal organizations, commonly identified as "institutions," may be deliberately and intentionally created by people, the development and functioning of institutions in society in general may be regarded as an instance of emergence; that is, institutions arise, develop and function in a pattern of social self-organization, which goes beyond the conscious intentions of the individual humans involved.
As mechanisms of social cooperation, institutions are manifest in both objectively real, formal organizations, such as the U.S. Congress, the Roman Catholic Church or the Bank of England, and, also, in informal social order and organization, reflecting human psychology, culture, habits and customs. Most important institutions, considered abstractly, have both objective and subjective aspects: examples include money and marriage. The institution of money encompasses many formal organizations, including banks and government treasury departments and stock exchanges, which may be termed, "institutions," as well as subjective experiences, which guide people in their pursuit of personal economic well-being and wealth. Powerful institutions are able to imbue a paper currency with certain value, and to induce millions into cooperative production and trade in pursuit of economic ends abstractly denominated in that currency's units. The subjective experience of money is so pervasive and persuasive that economists talk of the "money illusion" and try to disabuse their students of it, in preparation for learning economic analysis.
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Technology Transfer :: Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
Institutions :: Biology
China on world stage in year 2009: So far, as many as 65 Confucius institutions in the US have been established sin... http://bit.ly/6q1PMB
papitosplace (Papitos Place) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 21:00:22 -0000
China on world stage in year 2009: So far, as many as 65 Confucius institutions in the US have been established sin... http://bit.ly/6q1PMB
word i learned 2day " Iconoclastic" attacking cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc. as being based on error or superstition.
snpoet16 (Sarah) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 20:42:02 -0000
word i learned 2day " Iconoclastic" attacking cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc. as being based on error or superstition.
at the different levels of religious institutions religion and faith can bring out both the best and the worst in people...
sayiam (Lee) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 20:29:33 -0000
at the different levels of religious institutions religion and faith can bring out both the best and the worst in people...
There is still a need for magazines that, while offering a space for critical reflection, are not tied to institutions. http://bit.ly/8JvKCz
lcarroli (linda carroli) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 20:22:55 -0000
There is still a need for magazines that, while offering a space for critical reflection, are not tied to institutions. http://bit.ly/8JvKCz
Creativity, Institutions, and Outsider Art | Escape Into Life | Twine - http://shar.es/aDSbf
xiane (Xiane) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 20:19:01 -0000
Creativity, Institutions, and Outsider Art | Escape Into Life | Twine - http://shar.es/aDSbf
recommended reading: Nudge, Richard H Thaler and Cass R Sunstein. Esp if you work in public institutions.
Bagersh (Sana Bagersh) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 20:15:37 -0000
recommended reading: Nudge, Richard H Thaler and Cass R Sunstein. Esp if you work in public institutions.
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