Gene expression, also called protein expression or often simply expression is the process by which a gene's DNA sequence is converted into the structures and functions of a cell.
Gene expression is a multi-step process that begins with transcription of DNA, which genes are made of, into messenger RNA. It is then followed by post transcriptional modification and translation into a gene product, followed by folding, post-translational modification and targeting.
The amount of protein that a cell expresses depends on the tissue, the developmental stage of the organism and the metabolic or physiologic state of the cell.
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Cell Cycle :: Cell Biology
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Genomics :: Genetics

Molecular Genetics Webtext - An online textbook on chromosomes, principles of genetic engineering, basic molecular genetics and experimental methods.
3'UTR - Wikipedia article on the untranslated regions at the ends of mRNA.
Alternative Splicing - Resource for intervention in the key steps in post-translocation regulatory process, with analysis tools and implications in pathologies. Maintained by Exonhit Therapeutics SA, Paris, France.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to Alternative Splicing, a general resource about alternative RNA splicing, a key step of gene expression regulation. This site contains extensive, up-to-date information on the alternative RNA splicing process, analysis tools used for the detection of splicing events and its implications... ]
Alternative Splicing - Wikipedia article on the process in eukaryotes in which the splicing process of a pre-mRNA can lead to different ripe mRNA molecules and therefore to different proteins.
Anatomy of a Comparative Gene Expression Study - Clear explanation of the process of comparing the gene expression in two cell populations or tissue samples by fluorescent microarray technique.
Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids - Lecture notes on nucleic acid structure, DNA replication and repair, the genetic code and translation, as well as cancer genes, from Oregon State University, USA 2003.
Control of Gene Expression - A collection of diagrams illustrating the fundamentals of molecular biology.
Enhancer - Wikipedia article on enhancers, short pieces of DNA which bind to trans-acting factors to enhance transcription levels of genes.
Epigenetic inheritance - Transmission of information from a cell or multicellular organism to its descendants without that information being encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the gene. Wikipedia article.
Epigenetics - Wikipedia article on processes that lead to inheritance that is not reflected in the sequences of the nuclear DNA.
Eukaryotic Gene Expression Problem Set - Multiple choice questions about post-transcriptional modification of RNA, promoters, and nuclear RNA processing. From: University of Arizona, USA 1997.
European Sequencing of Tobacco - A collaboration between Advanced Technologies (Cambridge) Ltd and Tobacco Institute of Bergerac to sequence a large number of tobacco genes.
Meta Description: [ A comprehensive survey of the N. tabacum transcriptome ]
Exon - Wikipedia article on regions in genes that are expressed in mature mRNA and in proteins.
Expressed Sequence Tag - Wikipedia article: EST are short sub-sequences of genes, used in mRNA sequencing and in construction of DNA microarrays.
Gene Expression - Article in Wikipedia.
Gene Expression - Independent forum for discussion of gene expression.
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Gene Expression - UCLA Molecular Biology Tutorials on gene expression and gene cloning
Meta Description: [ Molecular Biology Tutorials is composed of computer-based tools to
aid in the teaching of college level ]
Gene Expression: Transcription - Resource for transcription events during gene formation including schematic diagrams.
Gene Regulation - Wikipedia article on the mechanisms that regulate gene expression.
Gene Regulatory Network - Wikipedia article on the mathematical modelling of gene expression as a network.
Genetic Code - Wikipedia article on the relationship between the nucleic acid base sequence and the corresponding polypeptide amino acid sequence.
Genome-Wide Expression - Report on a project to analyze the transcriptional regulatory circuitry of the yeast cell. From the Young Lab at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.
Genomes to Life - The US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge program for research in moleular biology: goals and results.
Meta Description: [ The next step at the Department of Energy to use data and resources from the Human Genome Project to accelerate understanding of dynamic living systems. The scientific plan for GTL merges advanced high throughput technologies with computational biology to generate models of how cells respond to e... ]
Imprinting - Wikipedia article on the suppressing of genes by chemical modification, depending on which parent they were received from.
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Induction of Repair Genes in Yeast - Mercier G., Denis Y., Marc P., Picard L. and Dutreix M.: Transcriptional induction of repair genes during slowing of replication in irradiated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation Research 487 (dec 2001)157-172: article and supporting background data.
Intron - Wikipedia article on sections of genes that are eliminated by splicing in the formation of mature mRNA and therefore not expressed as proteins.
Mammary Genome Anatomy Project - Forum to integrate various aspects of mammary gland biology, including cellular and developmental aspects, and to promote collaborations and the exchange of ideas, knowledge and resources at NIH, Maryland.
Meta Description: [ A forum to integrate various aspects of Mammary Gland Biology, to promote collaborations and the exchange of ideas, knowledge and resources ]
Messenger RNA - Wikipedia article on the RNA that carries information from DNA to protein synthesis.
Monocistronic - Wikipedia article: Messenger RNA that codes for one polypeptide string only.
Noncoding DNA - Wikipedia article: sections of DNA that do not contain codes for polypeptide sequences.
Operon - Wikipedia article: group of genes in primitive organisms that are controlled by one operator and one promoter to be activated together.
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PEACe - 7th Conference on protein expression in animal cells, bringing experts from academia and industry together to discuss current technologies. Details of five day event held on the Island of Crete, Greece.
Meta Description: [ The 7th Conference on Protein Expression in Animal Cells 7th PEACe will be held in Greece on the Island of Crete at the Knossos Royal Village near the city of Heraklion, September 18-22, 2005.
The goal of the 7th Conference on Protein Expression in Animal Cells is to continue a tradition of brin... ]
Posttranslational modification - Wikipedia article: chemical modification of polypeptide chains after synthesis.
Pre-mRNA - Wikipedia article: RNA string syntesized in the cell nucleus before modification (splicing, polyadenylation) and export to the cytoplasm.
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Prokaryotic Genetics and Gene Expression - Chapter from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) introductory hypertextbook on molecular biology.
Promoter - Wikipedia article: in genetics a sequence located upstream of a gene that enables its translation.
Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia article: summary of the process by which the cell converts the DNA sequence proteins.
Regulation of Gene Expression - Overview of different aspects of gene expression, including transcription, chromatin modification, and analysis of whole genomes, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, USA.
Ribosomes - Explanation of how the information encoded in mRNA is translated into a polypeptide. Includes differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes by John W. Kimball, now retired from Harvard College.
RNA Zone - Extensive catalog of links in genomics and proteomics.
Meta Description: [ The Essential LINKS for Postdocs about Genomics and Proteomics ! ]
Role of the Ribosome - Illustrated explanation of the ribosomal protein synthesis by Gwen V. Childs, University of Texas, Galveston, TX.
SECIS element - Wikipedia article: Sequence that directs translation of UGA as selenocysteine insteado of using it as a stop codon.
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Serial Analysis of Gene Expression - Explanation of Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), a method for analysis of gene expression patterns.
Shine-Dalgarno sequence - Wikipedia article: signals the initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria.
Signal peptide - Wikipedia article: short peptide sequences that direct the post-translational transport of proteins after synthesis.
Spliceosome - Wikipedia article: particle composed of DNA and peptide chains that effects mRNA splicing in the cell nucleus of eucaryotic cells.
Splicing - Wikipedia article: in genetics, the process of removing introns from mRNA in the cell nucleus before export to the cytoplasm and use as master for protein synthesis.
The Epigenome Network of Excellence - Network of research groups on heritable changes in gene expression without a change in DNA sequence, funded by the European Union.
Meta Description: [ The Epigenome NoE promotes epigenetic and epigenome research in Europe through an internationally competitive network funded by the European Union Framework Programme 6 ]
Transcription - Wikipedia article: in genetics the process by which a DNA sequence is converted to a corresponding RNA sequence.
Transcription Factor - Proteins that specifically bind to promotor or enhancer regions on DNA and thereby control the transcription of the downstream gene.
Transfer RNA - Wikipedia article: small RNA molecules that transport amino acids to their positions on the ribosome during polypeptide synthesis.
Translation - Wikipedia article: in genetics, the process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm transfer the genetic code from a m-RNA sequence to an amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain.
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