Hydroponics is crop production with mineral nutrient solutions instead of soil containing silt and clay. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as sand, gravel or rockwool. A variety of techniques exist.
Plant physiology researchers discovered in the 1800s that plants absorb essential mineral nutrients as inorganic ions in water. In natural conditions, soil acts as a mineral nutrient reservoir but the soil itself is not essential to plant growth. When the mineral nutrients in the soil dissolve in water, plant roots are able to absorb them. When the required mineral nutrients are introduced into a plant's water supply artificially, soil is no longer required for the plant to thrive. Almost any terrestrial plant will grow with hydroponics, but some will do better than others. It is also very easy to do; the activity is often undertaken by very young children with such plants as watercress. Hydroponics is also a standard technique in biology research and teaching and a popular hobby. There is little commercial hydroponic crop production because it is a more expensive method than traditional agriculture.
Hydroponics :: Materials and Supplies
Hydroponic
Hydroponics :: Home and Garden

Crop Physiology Laboratory - Hydroponics - Excellent source of information for recirculating hydroponics methodology from Utah State University.
Meta Description: [ Crop Physiology Laboratory at Utah State University ]
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Growing Hydroponic Tomatoes - Interactive web site from the University of Arizona provides practical, accurate information on growing hydroponic tomatoes for students, hobbyists, and beginning growers.
Meta Description: [ practical, accurate information on hydroponic methods forgrowing tomatoes, including nutrient solution recipes, media, greenhouses, natural pest control,diseases, and an interactive pruning quiz. ]
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History of Hydroponics - Gary V. Deutschmann covers the history and future of hydroponic gardening.
Home Hydroponics - An excellent introduction to the hydroponic methodology from the Virginia Cooperative Extension.
How To Produce Green Fodder Hydroponically - Book on small scale cultivation of green fodder via the hydroponic method. Website in Spanish and English.
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Hydroponic Lettuce Production - Details of setting up and running a lettuce production facility using Controlled Environment Agriculture techniques. Illustrated with descriptive photos. Cornell University.
Hydroponics as a Hobby - A circular from the Extension at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, offers a basic history and guide to hobby hydroponics.
Hydroponics Resource for Inexpensive Startups - Secrets for starting hydroponic businesses. Includes information about hydroponic nutrients, maintenance, production, greenhouses, and marketing.
Institute for Simplified Hydroponics - Dedicated to supporting efforts to use simplified hydroponics to reduce global hunger and poverty. Offers classes and activities to support the education of simplified hydroponics, especially in developing nations.
Meta Description: [ A website dedicated to supporting efforts to use
simplified hydroponics to reduce global hunger and poverty. We include classes and
activities to support the education of simplified hydroponics. ]
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Production of CEA-grown Hydroponic Spinach - Publication by the Controlled Environment Agricultural (CEA) Program of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. An electronic handbook for the production of CEA hydroponic spinach.
Role of Perlite in Hydroponic Culture - A research report issued by the Perlite Institute, Inc. by Dr. David A. Hall, Principal of the Pershore College of Horiculture in the United Kingdom
Meta Description: [ An article on the Role of Perlite in Hydroponic Culture by David Hall. ]
The Growing Edge - A bimonthly magazine dedicated to hydroponics, aquaponics, and greenhouse growing. Provides a wealth of free information for soilless growers.
Meta Description: [ Hydroponic gardening information for hobbyists, indoor and outdoor home gardeners, and small-commercial growers from The Growing Edge magazine. ]
Vitaran HC - Software for calculating nutrition formulations in hydroponic applications. Both site and software in Spanish and English.
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